n(1) 损害(坏，失)((harm or injury that causes) loss of value，usefulness or attractiveness) [U][N(to)]：(earthquake)cause/do(great/much/some/little)～to ships/cars/cities(地震)对船只/汽车/城市造成(巨大/很大/一些/极少)损害(失);His foolish action caused great～to him. 他的愚蠢行为给他造成巨大损失。There's no～done. 没造成什么损害。cause lethal～to the liver对肝脏造成致命的损害;storm～to crops 暴风雨给庄稼造成的损害;～to sb's property/sb's reputation/sb's marriage 对某人财产/声望/婚姻的损害;～by fire/from careless handling 火灾/粗心操作造成的损失;suffer/stand～遭受/经受损失;The～amounted to $1000. 损失达1000美元。〖同〗 injury， harm， hurt， loss;〖反〗improvement， betterment;

(2) 赔偿金(money to be paid to make up for damage， loss or injury) [pl]：(court) order the defendant to pay ￡1000～s for the accident(法庭)责令被告付1000英镑事故损失赔偿金;(judge) award ￡1000(in)～s to the injured man for the accident(法官)判给受伤者1000英镑事故损失赔偿金;claim ￡1000～s from sb for sth因某事向某人索赔1000英镑;get ￡1000 in～s 获得1000英镑赔偿金;〖同〗cost;

(3) 费用(amount of money sth costs) [U]：“What's the～?” he asked the waiter. 他问侍者：“要付多少钱?”Let's have a good lunch and I'll pay the～. 咱们中午美餐一顿，我请客。

vt 损害(坏，毁)(cause harm， injury to) [T+n]：(storm)～houses/crops/plants(暴风雨)损坏房子/损害庄稼/损害植物;(fire)～books(火)烧毁书籍;(bomb)～bridges(炸弹)炸坏桥梁;Mind you don't～it. 小心别弄坏了。～sb's chances/sb's career破坏某人的机会/事业;～the relations between.../a country's trade/British economy 对……之间的关系/一个国家的贸易/英国的经济造成损害;(book) be～d in the post(书)在邮寄中受到损坏;(car) be～d in the crash(车)在车祸中受到损坏;～d buildings 损坏了的建筑;〖同〗 injure， harm， hurt;〖反〗 improve， repair， mend， better;

→′damaging adj 有损害的;′damageable adj 可(易)损害(坏，毁)的;

【辨异】名词damage与harm都表示“损害”。damage指对外貌、价值、用途、完好的直接损害;harm(损害，危害)则可指有形的损害，也可指精神上、道德上、心理上的损害，含有遗憾或不幸的意思，如：bodily harm(身体上的损害);harm to one's self-confidence(对自信心的伤害)。