v (1) 落(下)，降(跌)落，下降(落) (go down freely or naturally from a higher to a lower level) [I，I+prep，I+adv]：The snow/rain is～ing outside. 外面下着雪/雨。After the solo，the final curtain fell. 独唱之后，大幕最终落下。～into the river/down the stairs/out of the window 落入河中/从楼梯上跌落下来/从窗口掉落下来;The leaves～off from the trees in Autumn. 秋天树叶从树上落下来。The glass fell off and broke. 杯子掉下来摔破了。～ten feet 下落10英尺;〖同〗drop，plunge;〖反〗 rise，climb;
 (2) 降临(come down) [I，I+prep(on/upon)]：Darkness/Night fell upon the fields. 黑暗/夜晚降临在田野上。Fear fell upon the little boy. 那个小男孩感到害怕。A sudden silence fell over the audience. 观众中突然一阵寂静。〖同〗descend，drop;
 (3) 跌倒，倒下(塌)( come down，drop to the ground) [I，I+prep(over)，I+adv(down/over)]：The girl slippered on the ice and fell. 那个女孩在冰上一滑摔倒了。～on/to one's knees 下跪/跪下;He fell over a stone and hurt his knee. 他被一块石头拌倒，摔伤了膝盖。A big tree has～en across the road. 一棵大树横倒在公路上。During the earthquake，80% of the buildings in the city fell (down). 地震时，那个城市有 80% 的建筑物倒塌。The boy fell over and broke his arm. 男孩跌倒了，摔断了胳膊。〖同〗collapse;〖反〗 rise，climb;
 (4) 下垂，垂下(hang down) [I+prep]：The material for the window curtain～s very nicely. 用作窗帘的材料垂度很好。The cloak fell over his shoulder. 那件斗篷从他的肩部垂下。Her long dark hair fell to her waist. 她那又黑又长的秀发一直垂到腰间。〖同〗 drop，slope，droop;
 (5) 减少(弱)，降低，下降(跌) (become lower or less in intensity，amount，number) [I]：The temperature fell 5 degrees/to 6 degrees below zero. 气温下降了五度/降到零下六度。The value of gold fell sharply. 黄金的价格急剧下降。The price fell by 10%. 物价下降了10%。His voice fell to a whisper. 他的声音降成低声细语。The wind has～en. 风力减弱了. His spirits/face fell when he learned he had failed in the exam. 当他听说考试不及格时，情绪变得很低落/样子很沮丧。〖同〗 decline，decrease，cheapen;〖反〗rise，increase;
 (6) 倾(下)斜;(slope down) [I，I+adv(away/off)]：a meadow～ing (away) to the river 草原向河边倾斜;The hillside～s gently to the valley. 山坡缓缓地向山谷下斜。
 (7) 沦陷;失守;失去地位(be captured;lose one's position，office or power) [I]：The city fell to the enemy/during the rebellion. 那座城市被敌人攻陷/在叛乱中失守。When did the Conservative Government～? 保守党政府是什么时候倒台的? ～from power 丢掉权力;〖同〗 surrender;〖反〗 triumph;
 (8) 阵亡，战死(die in battle;be killed) [I]：～to sb's gun/to sb's rifle 死在某人的枪口下;Many soldiers fell fighting bravely/in the battle. 许多战士英勇战死/在战斗中阵亡。〖同〗 die;〖反〗 survive;
 (9) 堕落，失足(decline in moral standing;sin) [I](旧用法)：be tempted and～受到诱惑而堕落;The man has～en so low. 那人竟如此堕落。〖同〗 sin;
 (10) (重音、目光等)落在……上(come to rest at a specified place) [I+prep(on/over)]：His eyes fell on the picture. 他的眼光落在照片上。A scream～s on my ears. 我听到一声尖叫。The stress/accent～s on the second syllable. 重音要落在第二个音节上。
 (11) 变(成)为，进入某种状态(enter a certain state or condition;become) [L+adj，L+n，I+prep (into)]：～asleep/ill/silent/lame/due 睡着/病倒/静下来/变成瘸子/到期;～in love (with sb) (与某人)相爱;～victim to the tiger 成为老虎的猎物;～an easy prey to a man's charms 轻易地为一个男人的魅力所征服;～into ruins/into a doze 成为废墟/打磕睡;〖同〗 become;
 (12) 恰(适)逢，发生(occur or become at a certain time;happen) [I，I+prep]：Easter～s much earlier this year. 今年的复活节要早得多。 My birthday/Christmas Day～s on (a) Saturday. 我的生日/圣诞节是个星期六。〖同〗occur，happen;
 (13) (无意中被)说出(to be uttered，usually involuntarily) [I，I+prep]：The words/A sigh/Not a word fell from her lips. 她说出了那些话/发出一声叹息/一句话都没说。He promised not to let a word of the secret plan～. 他答应不把那个秘密计划说出去。
 (14) 属于;分成(……类) (come within the scope of another) [I+prep(into/within)]：～within the country's jurisdiction 隶属国家管辖;Most of the languages in the world～into different families. 世界上的大多数语言分属不同的语系。
 fall about (laughing/with laughter) (v adv) 禁不住大笑 (vi)：The girls fell about laughing/with laughter when they saw the funny look on the boy's face. 当女孩子们看到那个男孩脸上滑稽的表情时不禁大笑起来。
 fall apart (v adv) 散开;崩溃 (vi)：keep a marriage from～ing apart 阻止婚姻破裂;The corruptive government finally fell apart. 腐败的政府最终垮了台。
 fall away (v adv) 1) 逐渐低下去 (vi)：The fields～away from here. 原野的地势从这里逐渐降低。2) 消失 (vi)：The crowd began to～away. 人群开始散开。3) 疏远(某人) (vi)：His friends began to～away from him. 他的朋友开始离他而去。
 fall back (v adv) 后撤(退) (vi)：The enemy began to～back as we advanced. 随着我们的推进，敌人开始后撤。
 fall back on/upon (v adv prep) 依靠(赖) (vt)：～back on friends/on one's own savings 依靠朋友/靠自己的储蓄;
 fall behind (v adv/prep) 落(在……之)后 (vi & vt)：Hurry up! You are～ing behind. 快点! 你已经落后了。You'll have to work very hard if you don't want to～behind the others. 如果你不想落在别人后面，你必须非常努力才行。
 fall behind with (v adv prep) 迟交;逾期不付款或不做某事：(vt)：Don't～behind with the rent/with your correspondence. 不要拖延房租/你要及时回信。
 fall down (v adv) 失败 (vi)：It was in the oral test that he fell down. 他是在口试中失败的。He fell down on his job. 他的工作没有做好。
 fall for (v prep) 爱上;上当 (vt)：He has～en for the girl. 他爱上了那个姑娘。She warned me not to～for his tricks. 她警告我不要上他的当。
 fall in (v adv) 1) 集合 (vt & vi)：The soldiers were ordered to ～in at once. 命令士兵们紧急集合。The sergeant fell his men in on the square. 中士将他的士兵在广场上集合好。2) 倒(坍)塌 (vi)：The roof/walls of the house fell in during the storm. 在暴风雨中房顶/房子的墙壁坍塌了。
 fall into (v prep) 1) 开始 (vt)：～into conversation with sb 开始与某人交谈;2) 进入某种状态 (vt)：～into a decline 开始逐渐衰退;3) (可)分成 (vt)：～into three parts 分为三个部分;4) 养成 (vt)：～into the habit of smoking 养成吸烟的习惯;
 fall in with (v adv prep) 偶尔遇到;同意 (vt)：～in with some foreign tourists/someone's suggestions 碰巧遇见几个外国游客/同意某人的建议;
 fall into the habit of 养成……习惯：He has～en into the habit of getting up late. 他养成了晚起的习惯。
 fall off (v adv) 减少，(质量、水平等)下降 (vi)：His enthusiasm has greatly～en off. 他的热情已大大地降低。The quality of the product fell off greatly. 产品的质量下降很严重。
 fall on/upon (v prep) 1) 向……猛攻(扑) (vt)：～on the enemy 向敌人猛攻;The beggar fell on the food. 乞丐贪婪地大嚼食物。2) 由 …… 承(负)担 (vt)：All the cost fell on his old father. 所有的花销都落在了他老父亲一人身上。
 fall out (v adv) 解散 1) (vi & vt)：The soldiers fell out after the drill. 操练之后士兵们解散了。The Sergeant fell his men out. 中士让士兵们解散了。2) (v adv) 发生 (vi)：Everything fell out as we had expected. 一切都像我们所预料的那样发生了。3) 争吵，闹翻 (vi)：Why did you and your old friends～out? 你和老朋友们为什么闹翻?
 fall over oneself to do sth 极力(设法)做成某事：The father was ～ing over himself to satisfy his son's demands. 父亲千方百计地满足儿子的要求。
 fall through (v adv) 失败，没有成功(实现)，成为泡影(vi)： Unfortunately，our first plan fell through. 很不幸，我们的第一个计划失败了。
 fall to (v prep/adv) 1) 开始吃 (vi)：The boys fell to with good appetite before everybody took their seats. 没等大家入席，孩子们便开怀大吃起来。2) 开始攻击 (vt)：Without another word，they fell to. 他们二话没说便打了起来。3) 着手，开始 (vt)：～to a task/a fighting again 开始执行一项任务/重新开战;4) 落到 …… 的身上 (vt)：The work of cleaning the house fell to me again. 打扫房子的工作又落在了我的头上。
 fall under (v prep) 归(列)入……类;受到(影响) (vt)：～under class A/sb's influence 列为一等/受到某人的影响;
 →′fallen adj 落(倒)下的，被攻克(推翻)的;′falling n;adj 下降，下落(物)，下降的，落下的;
 n (1) 落下，跌倒(落) (act of falling from a higher or upright position) [C]：the～of a spacecraft toward the Mars 航天器向火星的降落;hurt oneself in a～from the horse 从马上掉下而摔伤;be hurt by a～由于跌落受伤;The～from the cliff killed the climbers. 那些登山者从悬崖上坠下摔死了。He had a bad～from the ladder and broke his ankle. 他从梯子上掉下来，摔伤了踝骨。A～into the pit，a gain in your wit. (prov)吃一堑，长一智。Pride comes/goes before a～. (prov) 骄兵必败。〖同〗 plunge，descent，drop，falling，dropping，slip;〖反〗 rise，ascent;
 (2) 降雨(雪)量(quantity of sth that has fallen) [C] [N(of)]：a heavy～of rain 大量的降雨;a seven-inch～of snow 七英寸的降雪;rock～s 滚落的岩石;
 (3) 跌落的距离，落差(distance that sth falls) [C，尤 sing]：a～of three stories 跌落距离相当于三层楼房高;a ten-feet～/a～of ten feet 10英尺的落差;a river with a～of 5 metres in a hundred metres 河水每100米有5米落差;
 (4) 下降(跌)，跌落(reduction in amount，value or intensity) [C]：There was a sharp/steep～in prices/in temperature last week. 上周物价/气温急剧下降。Last Monday saw a steep～in stock prices. 上星期一股票价格大幅度下降。a～of the number of students going to college 大学生数量的下降;a～of one's income 收入的减少;〖同〗drop，decline，lowering，sinking，decrease，reduction;〖反〗 rise，climb，increase，advance;
 (5) 衰(陷)落，倒台，灭亡(capture or (political) defeat;collapse) [U，the～] [N(of)]：the～of Rome/a government/Hitler 罗马的灭亡/政府的垮台/希特勒的覆灭;the rise and～of the Third Empire 第三帝国的兴亡;〖同〗 overthrow，capture，defeat，surrender，collapse;
 (6) 秋季(天) [C] (AmE;= autumn)：in the～(of 1978) 在(1978年)秋天;last/a cold～去年/一个寒冷的秋天;two～s ago 两年前的秋天; F～is the most beautiful season here. 秋天是这里最美好的季节。～colours/fashions秋天的色彩/秋季时装;〖同〗 autumn;
 (7) (品德等) 降低，堕落(condition of becoming bad or worse) [C] [N (from)]：a～from virtue/grace 道德/品行的降低;the～of an honest man 一个老实人的堕落;What is the real reason of his～? 他堕落的真正原因是什么? 〖同〗ruin，slip，disgrace;
 (8) 瀑布(waterfall) [C，通常 pl]：the～s downriver/upstream 下游/上游的瀑布;Niagara F～s 尼亚加拉大瀑布;〖同〗 waterfalls;
 (9) (头发等的)下垂(hanging down) [C]：a～of long hair/a woman's hair 长发/妇女下垂的头发