v(1) 失败;不及格(be unsuccessful in attempting to do something) [I，I+prep(in)，T+n，T+to-inf]：be doomed to～注定要失败;～in one's efforts/in one's attempt to do sth 努力/尝试失败;～(in) a driver's test 驾驶考试没通过;～in German 德语考试不及格;～one's examination 考试不及格;～in establishing/to establish world peace 没能建立起世界和平;〖反〗 succeed，pass;

(2) 判定(考生等)不及格(decide， judge that sb is not good enough to pass an exam，test，etc) [T+n]：～half the class/sb in mathematics 评定班上一半的学生/某人数学不及格;～no students this term 本学期没给任何学生判不及格;

(3) 疏忽，忘记，没能(有) (neglect or not do sth;forget) [I+to-inf]：～to appear/to break a record/to live up to sb's expectation 没露面/没能打破记录/辜负了某人的期待;Don't～to ring me up. 别忘了给我打电话。He never～s to write to me every month. 他每个月都不忘给我写信。

(4) 缺乏，不足，欠收(be insufficient or not enough) [I，T+n]：～in carefulness 不够仔细;His courage/words～ed him. 他缺乏勇气/不知道说什么。The crops～ed because of/after a long drought. 因为长期干旱/经过长期干旱之后，庄稼歉收了。Their water supply～ed (them). 他们的供水不足。

(5) (健康等) 衰弱(退，竭)，减弱(become weak;lose strength) [I]：His health/energy/heart is～ing. 他的健康在衰退/他的精力在下降/他的心脏在衰竭。suffer from～ing health 身体一直不好;The old man has been～ing in health since his sixtieth birthday. 那个老人在度过60周岁的生日以后健康便一直在走下坡路。Our eyesight often～s as we get older. 随着年龄的增长，我们的视力常常会衰退。The wind～ed. 风减弱了。〖同〗decline;〖反〗 grow，strengthen，flourish，prosper，gain;

(6) 停止起作用(stop functioning correctly) [I]：The brakes on the car/electric light～ed. 汽车的刹车失灵了/电灯熄灭了。

(7) 使失望，辜负……的期望(disappoint) [T+n]：I won't～you this time. 这一次我不会让你失望的。

(8) 破产，倒闭(be unable to pay what one owes) [I]：cause a company to～导致一家公司破产;A number of stores have～ed. 有几家商店已经倒闭。〖同〗 crash;

n 不及格(failure in an examination) [C]：have a/one～一门不及格;

without fail一(必，肯)定：The job will be finished on time without～. 工作一定会按时完成的。

→′failed adj 已失败的;′failing n 缺(弱)点;prep 如果没有;adj失败的，衰退中的;′failure n