(1)文化(修养)(refined taste，understanding and appreciation of art，literature，music，etc)[U]：a man of great/considerable/little～非常有/颇有/几乎没有文化的人;lack～缺乏文化修养;a centre of～文化中心;A child should be exposed to～at an early age. 小孩应该尽早接受文化的熏陶。

(2)文化(活动，作品)(intellectual and artistic activity and the works produced by this)[U]：Our libraries and museums bring～to the people.我们的图书馆和博物馆给人民带来文化。

(3)社会的文化状况(result and state of intellectual development of a society)[U]：20th-century mass～ 20世纪的大众文化;a period of high/low～高度文明/愚昧时期;

(4)(某种)文化(明)(particular system of art，literature，thought，and customs of a certain race or nation;the arts，customs，beliefs，social institutions and all the other products of human work and thought created by a people at a particular time)[C，U]：the ancient Greek/Jewish/French/African～古希腊/犹太/法国/非洲文化;a tribal/new/people's～一种部落/新/人民的文化;an ancient/advanced～古代/先进的文化;the～s of Oriental countries/western Europe东方国家/西欧的文明;national/working-class～民族/工人阶级文化;the～of the Eskimos爱斯基摩人的文化;He was a product of two～s — German and French.他是德、法两种文明的产物。〖同〗civilization;

(5)修(教)养，陶冶，锻炼(development and improvement of the mind or body through special education or training)[U]：the～of the mind精神修养;mental～心理修养;physical～体育锻炼;She is an enthusiastic seeker of～.她是个热衷于修养的人。a woman of immense～一个极有修养的女人;

(6)培植(育)(practice of raising animals or growing plants or crops，esp for use or improved development)[U]：bulb/African Violet～鳞茎植物/非洲紫罗兰的培植;bee/silkworm～蜜蜂/蚕的养殖;plant～种植;the～of grapes/flowers/ tomatoes/bees/silkworms培育葡萄/花/土豆/蜜蜂/蚕;

(7)培养的细菌，细菌培养((group of bacteria produced by the) practice of growing bacteria in a laboratory for scientific or medical study)[C，U]：a～of cholera germs培养的霍乱菌;blood～s血液培养菌;the～of bacteria from the urine specimen由尿样培养细菌;the new cell～新的细菌培养;

→′cultured adj 有教养的;养殖的;′cultural adj 文化(上)的;

【辨异】culture与education均可表示学校教育的结果。education(教育)主要指通过教育所得到的知识;culture(教养，修养)指教育的过程和通过教育得到的知识所造成的思维和感觉方式，指智力和审美的高雅情趣。如：The level of culture in a country depends upon the education of its people.(一个国家人民的教养水平取决于国民所受教育的程度。)