adj (1)粗糙的，高低不平的(not smooth;uneven)：Her skin/The cloth feels～. 她的皮肤/这块布摸上去很粗糙。～hands/wool/paper 粗糙的双手/毛织物/纸张;a～path/road 一条高低不平的小路/路;a～wall 一面凹凸不平的墙;We rode over～terrain. 我们在崎岖的地带行驶。〖同〗 unsmooth，uneven;〖反〗smooth，even;
 (2)狂暴的，汹涌的，颠簸的((of weather，the sea，a sea voyage) stormy and very windy;not calm)：～weather 狂风暴雨的天气;～seas/waves 汹涌的海浪/波浪;a～wind狂风;have a～crossing from England to France/flight from London to New York/ride on a camel 在汹涌的波涛中乘船从英国到法国/从伦敦颠簸地飞到纽约/骑骆驼颠簸旅行;The weather has been～this week. 这个星期的天气一直不好。〖同〗violent，tough;〖反〗calm，gentle;
 (3)粗暴(鲁，野，俗)的((of people，their behaviour，etc)not gentle，polite or careful;uncivil;rude)：～behaviour/manners 粗暴的行为/态度;～words 粗俗的话语;a～push/game/sport 粗野的一推/游戏/运动;a～diamond/fellow 一块未加工的金刚石;一个外粗内秀的人/粗俗的人;be given a～handling 受到粗暴的对待;Don't be so～with her/these toys. 别那么粗暴地对待她/不要那样不爱惜地摆弄那些玩具。have a～tongue/temper 说话粗鲁/火暴的脾气;a～humour 一个粗俗的笑话;～kindness 粗鲁而友善;the～area/quarter of the town 城里秩序极乱的地区/地区;〖同〗rude，violent;〖反〗polite，civil;
 (4)粗略的，大概的，初步的(not complete or exact;approximate)[无comp]：a～draft/sketch/drawing/translation/outline/calculation/idea/plan 草稿/草图/草图/草草的译文/粗略的提纲/粗略的计算/初步的想法/初步的计划;～justice 大致公平合理;This estimate is very～. 这个估计仅仅是初步的。〖同〗crude，inexact，approximate;〖反〗exact，elaborated，complete;
 (5)(声音，味道)剌耳(鼻，激)的;沙哑的;难吃的(harsh to the ear，or taste;(of food)coarse)：a～voice/sound粗哑的嗓音/刺耳的声音;a～wine/meal 一种难喝的酒/一顿便饭;This machine sounds～─ Let's have it checked. 这台机器的声音听上去不对──让我们检查一下。
 (6)倒霉的，艰难的，难熬的(unfortunate;unpleasant and difficult to bear;ill)：have a～time/life 过得/生活得艰难;Her father's death gave her a really～time. 她父亲的去世使她受了很多累。What～luck/work! 多倒霉的运气/艰苦的工作! the～est test one ever took某人所参加过的最难的考试;He felt a bit～after an evening of heavy drinking. 喝了一晚上酒，他觉得有点难受。That's a bit～. 那多倒霉。〖同〗hard，difficult，tough;〖反〗comfortable，pleasant;
 be rough on sb (infml) 1)(对某人)粗暴苛刻：His father is～on him. 他父亲对他很粗暴。 2)(对某人)不幸：It's～on her to have/having to stay behind when her parents go abroad. 她太不幸了，父母去了国外，而她不得不留在国内。
 rough and ready 1)简陋但还可以：She gave us a～and ready meal. 她为我们提供了一顿简单但还能吃饱的饭菜。2)和蔼但不注意礼貌：He is(a)rather～and ready(man)，but you'll like him. 他人好但不拘礼节，可你会喜欢他的。
 →′roughly adv 粗暴(鲁)地;大约(概);′roughness n 粗糙(略、鲁);′roughen v(使)变粗(毛)糙;′roughneck n 粗鲁的人，无赖;石油钻井工，石油工人;
 adv (1)粗暴(鲁)地(roughly;in a rough way)：play～(比赛等)动作粗野;
 (2)简陋地 (in simple living conditions)： sleep/live～户外露宿/风餐露宿;
 cut up rough 发怒(脾气) (infml)： After she knew what her son had done，Mary cut up～. 玛丽知道她儿子所做的事后，大发脾气。
 →′roughcast n(涂墙的)粗灰泥;′rough-hewn adj 毛坯的;粗凿成的;
 n (1)高低不平的地面，(高尔夫球场的)深草区(uneven or uncultivated ground，especially on a golf course)[U，the～]：I lost my ball in the～.(高尔夫球比赛时)我在深草区丢失了一球。a lot of～大片青草丛生的地面;
 (2)草图(样、稿)(drawing，writing etc that is still rough)[C]：a pile of～s 一堆草图(稿);He is looking for the～s for the project. 他在找那项工程的草图(稿)。the～s for a new book 一本新书的草稿;
 (3)暴徒，流氓等(disorderly and noisy person who often behaves in a violent way)[C](infml)：a gang of～s 一伙暴徒;a crowd of young～s 一群小流氓;
 in rough 粗(大)略地：I've written the essay out in～，but I haven't copy it. 我的论文草稿已经写好了，但还没有誊写。
 in the rough(艺术品)处于未完成的状态：My new statue is in the～. 我新创作的雕塑还只是毛坯。
 take the rough with the smooth 好坏都要承(接)受：We must take the～with the smooth in life. 在生活中我们必须既能享受也能吃苦。
 vt 使变粗糙(make rough;roughen) [T+n]：Hard work～ed his hands. 艰苦的工作使他的双手变得粗糙。
 rough it 过简陋不舒服的生活(infml)：If you go camping you'll have to～it. 如果你要野营，就要将就点。
 rough in (v adv)勾画出(轮廓)(vt)：I've just～ed in trees and buildings. 我刚勾画出树和房子的轮廓。
 rough out(v adv)画出草图，粗略地计划(vt)：I've～ed out some arrangements for the move tomorrow. 我粗略地安排了明天的行程。
 rough up (v adv) 1)粗暴地对待(vt)(infml)：Three boys～ed up a player on the visiting team. 有三个男孩粗暴地对待客队的一个队员。2)弄乱(vt)：The boy～ed up his bed to make his mother think that he had slept in it. 那个男孩弄乱了床铺，好让他母亲以为他在床上睡过。
 →′roughage n 粗饲料;粗糙食物