turn

vt.
1.turn back使转回来。
△2H. VI. 3. 2. 397:“So shouldstthou either turn my flying soul，”i. e.prevent mysoul’s escape; preserve my life. 所以，你最好把我这要飞跑的灵魂挡回来。
2. fling back,throw back扔回，抛回。
△1H.VI.2.479:“I’ll turn my part thereof into thy throat.”我要把我这一份轻蔑再扔回到你的喉咙里去。
3. turn out 把…赶走。
△Lr.4.3.45 (43 ): “ turnedher/To foreign casulties，”把她赶走，去承受异邦的风险。
4.i.e. turn on a lathe在车床上旋。
△IH.IV.3.1. 130(129):“I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned，”我宁愿听一枝铜蜡扦在车床上旋的声音。
5. change,alter,transform改变，更改，转变。
△Ham.2.2.550 (519): “Look whe’er he has not turned his col-our”，i.e.turned pale.看他脸上变色没有。
△ Oth.4.2.61 (62):“Turn thy complexion there，”改变你的脸色吧。
△ 1H.IV.5.5.4: “And wouldst thou turn our offerscontrary?”你竟然把我的建议故意改得意思相反？
△H.VIII.5.2.14(15): “God turn their hearts! I never soughttheir malice，”i.e. May God change their feelings! 但愿上帝使他们回心转意吧！ 我可从来没有招引过他们的恶意。
6. turn into变成。
△Rom.2.3.21:“Virtue itself turnsvice,being misapplied，”美德误用，会变成罪恶。
7. put放置。
△H.V.1.1.45:“Turn him to any causeof policy，”无论什么政治问题一放到他的手里。
8. bring.place in a state or condition导致，使处于（某种状况）。
△As.4.3. 23 (22): “Come,come,you area fool,/And turned into the extremity of love.”i.e.brought into the most extreme degree of love. 算了，算了，你是个傻瓜，为了爱情竟然弄到这种颠三倒四的地步。
9. direct指点，指示。
△Wiv.3.4.2:“no more turn meto him，”别再叫我去找他了。
10. shape,adapt,modulate,attune使符合，使配合，调节，使协调。
△As.2.5.3:“And turn his merry note Un-to the sweet bird’s throat，”i.e. adapt or modulate hisnote to the sweet bird’s song.following its changes;sing merry trills to the sweet bird’s tune.仿照那嘹亮的鸟啭，唱一曲欢乐的歌声。
11. shove猛推。
△R.III.1.2.262(260): “But first I’llturn yon fellow in his grave,/ And then returnlamenting to my love.”但是我要先把那边那个家伙推进坟墓，然后再哭哭啼啼转回来见我的爱人。
12. bend back,blunt使弯曲，使钝。
△2H.VI.2.1.179(176): “This news,I think,hath turned yourweapon’s edge:”这个消息，我想，已经使你的武器卷刃了。
13.❶repair(by reversing the cloth)翻修。
❷turn up-side down socially使得天翻地覆。
△2H.VI.4.2.6 (4):“I tell thee,Jack Cade the clothier means to dress the commonwealth,and turn it，”我告诉你，织布匠打算把这个国家好好打扮一下，再把它翻新(双关：把它弄得天翻地覆)
～vi.
1. return,come back 返回，回来。
△Oth.4.1.263(252): “Ay,you did wish that I would make herturn. ”是的，是你要我叫她回来的。
△As.3.1.6: “bringhim dead or living/ Within this twelvemonth,orturn thou no more/To seek a living in our territo-ry.”限你在十二个月以内不论死活把他捉来，否则你就不要再回到我的领土上来生活了。
△R.III. 4. 4. 184: “Either thouwilt die by God’s just ordinance/ Ere from this war thou turn a conqueror.”也许由于上帝的公正安排，不等你从这次战争中作为胜利者归来，你就要死去。
2. change,become变成，成为。
△Oth.2.3.172(170):“Are we turned Turks,and to ourselves do that/ Which heaven hath forbid the Ottomites?”难道我们变成土耳其人了？ 上天不许土耳其人侵犯我们，而我们却向自己人行凶！
△L.L.L.1.2.193(184): “I shall turn sonnet.”i.e. I shall become a sonneteer.我要变成一个写十四行诗（情诗）的人了。
△Mer. 3.4. 78:“Why,shall we turn to men?”怎么，我们要变成男人吗？
3. go back on one’s own word,be inconstant or fickle食言，变心。
△Gent.2. 2. 4: “If you turn not,you will return the sooner.”只要你不变心，你就会很快回来。
4. reel,grow giddy,become dizzy眩晕，眼花缭乱，头晕目眩。
△Lr.3.2. 67: “My wits begin to turn.” (“From this point he becomes aware of the sufferings of others.”—J. Dover Wilson.)我的神志开始昏乱了。(又译：我开始晕头转向了。)
△Lr.4.6.24 (23): “Lest my brain turn，”不然我怕头一发昏。
5. ❶return返回。
❷change one’s mind,be fickle变心，反复无常。
❸lie on one’s back,have sexual intercourse仰卧在床上，进行性交。
△Oth.4.1.264 (253): “Sir,she can turn,and turn;and yet go on/And turn again；”先生，她会转过来，转过去；然后再转来转去。(按： turn一词在此有三种含意，除字面意思，还有
❷、
❸两种暗示。)
Phrases:
turn away: ❶send away,discard把…打发走，抛弃。
△2H.IV.5.5. 62 (57):“For God doth know,so shall the world perceive,/That I have turned away my former self;/So will I those that kept me company.”因为上帝知道，世人也将要看出，我已经抛弃了从前的那个我，我同样也要抛弃那些从前与我为伴的人。
❷dismiss from service辞退，解雇。
△Wiv.1.3.4: “I must turn away some of my followers.”我必须辞退我的几个部下。
❸dismiss from
one’s post;(with a play on) turn off,i.e.hang打发走，解雇；（双关）绞死。
△Tw.1.5.18 (17):“or to be turned away—is not that as good as a hanging to you?”再不然就被赶走，那对于你不是和绞死一样吗？
turn back: ❶turn the back(s) in retreat转身退却
△3H.VI.1.4.3: “And all my followers to the eager foe /Turn back and fly,like ships before the wind, Or lambs pursued by hunger-starved wolves.”我的部下，面对凶暴的敌人，都转身而逃，像是船只碰上顶头风，或者羔羊被饿狼追赶。
❷run away逃走。
△1H.IV.1.2.204(183):“I know them to be as true-bred cowards as ever turned back ；”我知道他们是见人就向后逃跑的地地道道的胆小鬼。
turn going: send...packing叫…滚蛋。
△As.3.1.18:“and turn him going.”叫他滚蛋。
turn head: (term of hunting) make a stand; turn to face the pursuer（打猎用词）站住；扭头转向追赶者。
△H.V.2. 4. 69:“Turn head,and stop pursuit；”扭过头去，打断他的追逼。
turn in the wheel: turn the spit by running in a wheel套在一个轮子上转烤肉铁叉。
△Com.3.2.152(146):“She had transformed me to a curtal and made me turn i’(= in) the wheel.”她会把我改造成一只短尾巴狗，把我套在一个轮子上转烤肉叉。
turn loose: let loose 放走，放开。
△Wiv.2.1.188(182):“I would turn her loose to him；”我可以纵容她去应付他。
turn off: ❶complete完成。
❷hang处绞刑。
△L.L.L.5. 2. 510:“We will turn it finely off,sir；”先生，我们定把它好好完成。(双关：把它绞死。)
turn on: ❶turn the edge卷刃。
❷turn in flight转身逃跑。
△2H.IV.1.1.117: “all the rest/ Turned on themselves,like dull and heavy lead.”所有其他的人，就像无活动力的、笨重的铅条，也都卷了边儿(双关：转身逃跑)。
turn one’s girdle: give a challenge,prepare to fight转动腰带——表示挑战，准备打架。
△Ado. 5. 2. 145 (142):“Ifhe be,he knows how to turn his girdle.”如果他真生气了，他知道怎样转动他的腰带。
turn over: harass折磨。
△Ado. 5. 2. 34:“they werenever so truly turned over and over as my poor self inlove.”他们谁也没有像可怜的我这样真的为爱情所颠来倒去。 turn the edge: i.e. fail to cut 卷刃，（即）砍不动。
△2H.VI. 4. 10. 59 (56):“Steel,if thou turn the edge.or cut not out the burly-boned clown in chines of beefere thou sleep in thy sheath.”宝剑啊.要是你卷了刃，或者在你人鞘休息之前不把这个骨骼粗大的乡下佬砍成一堆排骨…。turn the key: unlock the door. open the door打开门锁，开 门。
△Lr. 2. 4. 52: “Fortune. that arrantwhore,/ Ne’er turns the key to the poor.”命运，那个十足的婊子婆，从来不给穷人开门锁。
turn the tables up: put the tables away (The tableswere then supported on trestles; when the boardswere removed from the trestles,they were thereforeturned up.)把桌面折起来。(当时的桌子可以拆卸，将桌面从支架卸下后，可置放在墙边。)
△Rom. 1. 5. 31 (27): “Morelight,you knaves,and turn the tables up. ”把蜡烛点亮后，小子们，把桌子都搬开。
turn … to: cause使遭受，给…带来。
△Wiv. 5. 5. 91(85):“If he be chaste,the flame will back descend /And turn him to no pain；”如果他是纯洁的，火焰自会退转.不会使他遭受痛苦。
turn Turk: ❶i. e. change from a Christian to an infi-del,i. e. take a turn for the worse变成土耳其人，从基督徒变成异教徒，（指）愈变愈糟。
△Ham. 3. 2. 291 (275):“ifthe rest of my fortunes turn Turk with me”，假如我此后的命运愈变愈糟。
❷abandon your faith,i. e. changeyour man-hating creed and fall in love. 变土耳其人放弃自己的信仰。（指）改变自己愤世嫉俗的信条而与人恋爱。
△Ado. 3. 4. 56 (57): “Well,an you be not turnedTurk，”哼，如果你不是改变了主意（爱上了什么人）。
turn upon: face hostilely,become hostile to,turn to-wards and assail 敌意地面对.对…敌视，转向…攻击。
△1H.IV. 2. 4. 300 (268): “Why. hear you,my mas-ters,was it for me to kill the heir-apparent? Should Iturn upon the true prince?”嗨，听我说，诸位，难道我能去杀死太子吗？ 难道我应该向一位真正的王子攻击吗？