n (1) 1) 痛苦，悲痛，忧伤(pain or suffering of the mind or body) [U]：share/get over one's～分担痛苦/从痛苦中恢复过来;plunge into/feel great～陷入/感到很痛苦;(sick man) show signs of～(病人)露出痛苦的表情;(sb's dishonest actions/a long trip/one's wounded leg) cause one a great deal of～(某人不诚实的行为/长途旅行/受伤的腿)使……极其痛苦;stare at sb/cry out in great (acute)～非常(极其)痛苦地注视某人/大喊;leave sb in great(acute)～使某人非常(极其)痛苦; be in great～over sb's disappearance 因为某人的失踪而处于极度悲痛之中;〖同〗pain， sorrow， grief， anxiety， agony， torture， misery;〖反〗 comfort;2) 引起痛苦或悲痛的事物(sth that causes great suffering of the mind) [U， a～]：(sb/sb's death/sb's leaving home) be a great～to his family(某人/某人的死/某人离家出走)使家人极其悲伤;(one's inability to do sth) be a～to one(不能做某事)使自己痛苦;

(2) 穷(贫)苦((suffering caused by)lack of money or the necessary things of life) [U]：relieve the～among the poor/caused by an earthquake 解除穷人的苦难/地震造成的灾情;The poor people was in great～. 穷人们处于水深火热之中。lend a hand to/help the poor people in their～援助/帮助贫困中的穷人;〖同〗need， want， necessity， poverty;

(3) 危难(state of being in extreme danger or great difficulty and needing urgent help) [U]：(ship/climbers) be in～(船/登山者)处于危难之中;ships/swimmers/aircraft in～遇难的船只/游泳者/飞机;rescue the besieged people from their～拯救危难中的人们;send (out) a～signal 发出求救信号;a～call/flag 遇难呼叫/信号旗;

→ dis′tressful adj 令人痛苦的;dis′tressfully adv 令人痛苦地;

vt 使痛苦(悲痛，忧伤)(cause to suffer in mind or body) [T+n 通常pass]：be very(much)/most～ed by vague longings/poorly defined fears/sb's lack of interest 因朦胧的渴望/莫名的恐惧/某人毫无兴趣感到非常/极其痛苦;be very(much)/most～ed to hear the sad news/at the bad news/when one lost his job 听到那悲哀的消息/听到那坏消息/当失去工作时感到非常/极其痛苦;The news of his death/bad news from home/cough～ed her greatly. 他去世的消息/家里的坏消息/咳嗽使她痛苦欲绝。It～ed me to see you unhappy. 看到你不快乐我很痛苦。Please don't～yourself. 请不要忧伤。I hate to～you like this， but it is important. 我并不愿意让你这样痛苦，可这事很重要。

→ dis′tressing adj 令人痛苦的;dis′tressingly adv 令人痛苦地