(1) 使气馁(沮丧，泄气)(take away sb's courage， spirit， confidence or hope of doing sth) [T+n， T+n+prep(from)]：The hardship/failure～d him utterly. 困难/失败使他完全气馁了。His lack of success～d him utterly. 屡不成功使他完全气馁了。Don't～him. 别给他泄气。be～d by losing so many of her tennis matches 因输了这么多场网球赛而沮丧;〖同〗dishearten， dispirit， depress;〖反〗encourage， hearten， inspire;

(2) 阻挠(止)，妨碍(try to prevent， hinder， stop (sth)) [T+n](fml)：～smoking/crime/sb's attempts/interest in sth 设法阻止抽烟/犯罪/某人的企图/对……感兴趣;They lit a fire to～mosquitoes. 他们点火驱蚊子。Inflation～s saving. 通货膨胀不利于储蓄。〖同〗hinder， prevent;〖反〗encourage;

(3) 劝阻，使打消念头(persuade sb against sth) [T+n+prep(from)]：～sb from any such things/such a dangerous step/giving up the job/smoking 劝某人不做任何这类事/不采取这样危险的步骤/放弃那工作/戒烟;The bad weather～d people from going camping/going on a picnic 天气不好使人们放弃野营/不去野餐。The hedges～d people from walking on the grass 树篱使人们不践踏草地。Nothing will～him from his determination to do so. 什么也无法阻止他决心这么做。〖反〗 encourage， urge;

←′courage n;

→dis′couraging adj 令人沮丧的;dis-′couragingly adv 令人沮丧地;dis′couraged adj 沮丧(气馁)的;dis′couragement n 沮丧，气馁;令人沮丧的事情;

【辨异】discourage与dismay都可表示使人失去信心而不做某事。discourage指通过表示不赞同或指出可能会失败而使人失去信心(沮丧，气馁);而dismay(使沮丧，使惊慌)指通过揭示无可怀疑的事实使得要做的事显得无用、有危险，而使某人彻底失去信心，如：dismay a prosecutor by revealing his brother's connection with a crime(泄露出检举人的弟兄与一罪行有牵连，使其泄气)。