adv(1)在(向)较高处，在上面(头)(at or to a higher place or position;overhead)：The birds circled～.鸟在上空盘旋。see the top of a mountain high～看见山顶高耸云端;His flat is～.他的单元房在上面。the clouds/stars～头上的云/星星;the shelf/bedroom～上面的架子/卧室;seen from～从高处看;A drop of water fell on me from～.一滴水从上面掉到我身上。a voice/cry from～从上面传下来的说话声/喊叫;Half the rock was under the water and half～.岩石的一半在水下，一半在水面以上。The captain went～to check the sails.船长到甲板上检查风帆去了。〖同〗over;〖反〗below，beneath;

(2)在上(前)文中，上述(higher on a page or earlier in a book，article，etc)：the facts mentioned～上文所提到的事实;the figures quoted～上文引述的数字;I have mentioned it～.我在前面已经提到了。as was stated～如上所述;See～，page 10.见上文，第10页。See the examples～.见上述例证。in the～paragraph 在上一段落;the～figures/statements/examples/discussion上面的数字/陈述/例子/讨论;

(3)(数量或质量、职位或权利等)超过(more in number，age，etc，or higher in rank， authority，power，importance，etc)：books with 100 pages and～100页和100页以上的书：children of 13 and～13岁以及13岁以上的孩子们;aged 50 and ～50岁以及50岁以上者;a meeting for majors and～少校及少校以上军官的会议;The invitations were for captains and～.请柬是给上尉及上尉以上军官的。appeal to the courts～向上级法庭申诉;Take your complaints to the powers～.向更高一级的当权者去申诉吧!〖同〗over;

(4)在(向)天上(to or in heaven)：the powers～天上诸神;Heavens～! 天哪! gone to one's eternal rest～升天了;blessings from～上天的祝福;

→͵above-′mentioned，͵above-′named adj 上(前)述的;

prep(1)在……上面(头)(in a higher position than;over)：～the horizon/the sea-level/the clouds/one's head 在地平线/海平面/云/头上空;The castle towers～all the land.城堡高耸于原野之上。There's a picture～the fireplace.壁炉上方有幅画。The water came～my knees.水没过了我的双膝。Some seagulls are hovering just～the waves.一些海鸥紧贴波涛翱翔。From～the clouds the sky is deep blue.云层之上的天空湛蓝湛蓝的。a flat～the shop 商店上面的单元房;〖同〗over;〖反〗below;

(2)(职位、权利、重要性等)超过，高于(higher in rank，authority，power，importance，etc than)：A general is～colonel.将军在上校之上。The President is～all military officers.总统的职位高于一切军官。He reports to the executive～him.他向比他职位高的行政人员报告工作。The girl married～her.那姑娘嫁人攀了高枝。Show respect to those～you.尊敬比你职位高的人。

(3)(数量、质量、重量、价格等)超过，大于(more in number，age，price，weight，etc than)：～the average height/zero/freezing-point在平均高度/零/冰点以上;～two dollars/five tons/the age of 10/10 years of age在两美元/五吨/10岁/10岁以上;There were～a hundred people present.有100多人出席了。His intelligence / The temperature is～average.他的智力/气温高于平均值。Last week's spending was～normal.上周的花费比平常多。〖同〗over;

(4)胜过(in preference to)(fml)：value honour～life视荣誉高于生命;value safety～excitement视安全重于刺激;love life～gold 爱生命胜过金钱;put one's happiness～everything else 视幸福高于一切;favour one son～another 偏爱一个儿子超过另一个;

(5)(品德)高于(胜过)，不屑(做，为)(higher in quality than;of too fine a character for)：You must not be～asking for advice/help.你应该不耻于求教/求助。consider oneself～such mercenary transactions 自视不屑于干这种唯利是图的勾当;A true gentleman must be～envy，jealousy or vindictiveness.一个真正的绅士应该不屑于妒忌、嫉妒或存报复心理。be～stealing/lying/deceit/trickery/flattery 不屑于偷窃/说谎/欺骗/欺骗/阿谀奉承;The man wouldn't steal/lie—he's～that.那人决不会偷/说谎——他不屑于做那种事情。He's～doing something like that.他不屑于干那种事。

(6)超过(出)(beyond the reach of (because too great，good，etc))：The man is～suspicion.那个人不容置疑。His behaviour is～praise/reproach/criticism.他的举止赞不胜赞/无可指责/无可批评。〖同〗beyond;

(7)在……上游(further up a river than)：the waterfall～the bridge 桥上游的瀑布;Windsor is～London.温莎市在伦敦的(泰晤士河)上游。

above all 最重要的是，尤其(首先)：He longs～all to see his family again.他尤其渴望再见到他的家人。

→ a͵bove-′board adv & adj 正大光明地(的);

n上面(述)的(sth mentioned in a higher place on a page or earlier in a book，article，etc)(fml);refer to the～参阅上文;The～is/are the most important fact(s).上述事实最为重要。

【辨异】above与over、on和beyond有时语义相近。指空间位置时，over指垂直的上方，above则不一定，on指“在……表面上”，与之接触;指职位时，above仅指级别高低，而over则含有“管辖”之意;指数量时，above通常指超出一个标准或最低量，over则无限定;用于比喻意义(指品德等时)，above常用于人，beyond则多用于事物，指超出人的本身所能达到或完成的。