cast

(pa.t.& pa.p. cast ) vt.
1.cast off,discard,throw away 丢弃，抛弃，扔掉。
△H.Ⅷ.1.3.48:“Your colt’s tooth is not cast yet?”你的小马驹牙齿还没有丢掉吗？
△H.Ⅷ.3.1.168(169):“A noble spirit/As yours was put into you,evercasts/Such doubts,as false coin,from it.”你所拥有的这样高贵的精神，总要抛弃那些猜疑，就像抛弃假币一样。
2.❶throw off,throw to the ground甩掉，把…摔倒。
❷vomit呕吐出。
△Mac.2.3.47(40):“Yet I made ashift to cast him.”但我还是想法子把它摔倒(双关：呕吐出来)了。
3. drive away,exclude赶走，排斥在外。
△1H.Ⅵ.5.4.144:“I’ll rather keep/That which I have than,coveting for more,/Be cast from possibility of all.”我宁愿保持我现有的领土，也不愿由于贪多而失去恢复全国领土的可能性。
4. discharge,dismiss免…的职，遣散。
△Oth.1.1.148(147): “for I do know the state,/ However this maygall him with some check. /Cannot with safety casthim；”我知道政府的态度，这件事虽然可以招致非难，给他带来一些烦恼，却不会轻易把他免职。
△Oth.2.3.14:“Our gener-al cast us thus early for the love of his Desdemona；” 我们的将军这样早就支开了我们，是为了爱苔丝狄蒙娜的缘故。
△Oth.2.3.275(272):“You are but now cast in hismood，”你只是因他一时盛怒才被免职。
△Oth.5.2.325(326):“whereon it came/That I was cast；”因此我被撤了职。
5. reckon,compute计算。
△2H.Ⅵ.4.2.96(85):“Theclerk of Chartham. He can write and read,and cast accompt.”查赞姆村的文书。他能写能读，还会算账。
6.add up and check,verify核算，核实。
△2H.Ⅳ.5.1.21(20):“Let it be cast and paid.”算清楚，付了就是。
7.calculate,scheme 算计，策划。
△Ham.2.1.115(112):“To cast beyond ourselves in our opinions，”i.e.To be over-calculating; to go too far in scheming.算计得过分。
8. forecast,estimate预测，估计。
△2H.Ⅳ.1.1.166:“You cast the event of war，”你估计过战争的结果。
9. examine in order to find out disease（为找出病源而）查验。
△Mac. 5. 3. 50:“If thou couldst,doctor,cast/The water of my land,find her disease，”医生，你倘能为我的国家查验一下小便，找出病源。
10. bestow,confer给与，授与。
△Tw. 2.5.78(69):“my fortunes,having cast me on your niece,give methis prerogative of speech——”我的命运既然把我给与了你的侄女，我便有权利说。
△Gent. 1.2.25:“wouldst thouhave me cast my love on him?”你愿意让我把爱情用在他的身上吗？
Phrases & Expressions:
cast away: ❶throw away,throw aside,waste,lavish抛弃，丢弃，浪费，滥用。
△Tw.1.5.184(172): “I wouldbe loath to cast away my speech；”我很不愿白白浪费我的言词。
△Ham. 4. 5.197 (198): “And we cast awaymoan.”i.e. We waste our moans. 我们不必再呻吟。
❷ruin,destroy毁灭，消灭。
△2H.VI.1.3.204 (201):“Therefore.I beseech your Majesty.do not cast awayan honest man for a villain’s accusation.”所以，我请求陛下不要因为一个坏蛋的控告而毁灭一个好人。
cast away (pa.p.):❶wreck （船）失事，覆灭。
△Mer.3.1.108 (100): “Hath an argosy cast away,comingfrom Tripolis.”有一艘大船从的黎波里开来，在半途上失事了。
❷thrown away,deceived and abandoned被抛弃，被欺骗和遗弃。
△As.4.1.195 (185): “ Tis but one castaway，”i.e. only one girl deceived and abandoned. 我不过又是一个被遗弃的人罢了。
cast by: throw aside抛在一边。
△Rom.1.1.98(92):“And made Verona’s ancient citizens/Cast by theirgrave beseeming ornaments / To wield old partisans,in hands as old，”使得维洛那的年老居民们不能不脱下适合他们尊严的装束，用衰老的手拿起古旧的矛枪。
cast down (p. a. ): distressed抑郁的。
△Lr.5.3.5:“For thee,oppressed King,I am cast down，”为了你，遭难的父王，我心情抑郁。
cast on no water: referring to a popular old song ——“Scotland’s burning,Scotland’s burning./See yonder! See yonder! / Fire,fire! Fire,fire! / Cast onmore water.”暗用一首古老的流行小调：“苏格兰在燃烧，苏格兰在燃烧，/看哪！ 看哪！ / 火，火！ 火，火！ / 多泼水，多泼水。”
△Shr.4.1.20 (19): “and therefore,fire,fire: caston no water.”所以，生火，生火；别泼水。cast the water: examine the urine查验小便。
△Mac.5.3.50:“If thou couldst,doctor,cast / The water ofmy land,find her disease.” (Macbeth speaks as ifScotland were a sick man,and the doctor could,byexamining its urine,find its disease and cure it.)医生，你倘能为我的国家查验一下小便，找出病源。
cast up: ❶vomit out呕吐出。
△2H.IV.1.3.95:“Thou,beastly feeder,art so full of him,/ That thouprovokest thyself to cast him up.”你们，狼吞虎咽的人，对他腻了，现在又想把他呕吐出来。
❷a. vomit out呕吐出。b. give up,reject抛弃，拒绝。
△H.V.3.2.57(52):“Their villainy goes against my weak stomach,andtherefore I must cast it up.”他们的卑鄙行为不合我的胃口，所以我得把它吐出来(双关：抛弃)。