(1)事例(instance or example of the existence or occurrence of sth)[C]：It was a clear (typical)～of stupidity/dishonesty/blackmail/cheating/bad planning/mistaken identity/poor judgement/love at first sight.这是明显(典型)的愚蠢/不老实/敲诈/欺骗/计划不周/误认身份/判断有误/一见钟情。〖同〗instance，example;

(2)事实，实情(fact;state or situation of affairs)[C，the～]：I don't think that's really the～.我认为并非如此。He said/heard that was (not) the～.他说/听说那(不)是实情。If that's the～，I must try as well.如果是那样的话，我也应该试一试。Is it the～that he has lost everything? 他是把什么都丢了吗? Such being the～，... 既然情况如此，……

(3)情况(形)(particular occasion or state of affairs relating to a person or thing)[C，通常 sing]：That is (not) the～with Mary.玛丽的情况(不)是如此。The ～with her (Her～) is different/difficult to handle.她的情况不同/难于处理。It's different in my～.我的情况不同。In his～(In the～of him/In this～/In that～)，nothing is to be done. 在他这种情况(在他这种情况/如果这样的话/如果那样的话)，毫无办法。In such～s/In many～s，no action is necessary.在这种情况下/在许多情况下，没有必要采取行动。Take her～for example/instance，...以她的情况为例，……〖同〗situation，condition，circumstance;

(4)病例，个案，病人(occurrence of a disease，disorder or an injury;person suffering from this)[C]：This is a bad～of small pox/fever/typhoid/measles/tuberculosis(TB).这是明显的天花/发烧/伤寒/麻疹/肺结核。There were many～s of influenza.有许多流感病例。give an account of the～of Mary 说一说玛丽的病症;The doctor had many～s to see.大夫有许多病人要看。The worst～s are sent to the hospital.最严重的病人已送往医院。～history 病历;档案;〖同〗patient;disease;

(5)案件(matter that needs action by the police or other officials)[C]：a murder/robbery～谋杀/抢劫案;look into a～of murder/robbery with violence调查谋杀/暴力抢劫案;the～of the missing heiress女继承人失踪的案件;

(6)诉讼案子(matter to be decided in a court of law;lawsuit)[C]：try/hear/re-open/lose a～审理/审问/重新开审/输掉案子;The～came before the court /was brought before a jury.这案子开庭审理了/提交给了陪审团裁决。one's～against sb else某人控告他人的案子;The judge in this～is very fair.审这案子的法官很公正。〖同〗lawsuit，suit;

(7)(诉讼的)论据(事实)(facts or arguments to be used in a court of law)[C，通常 sing]：have/make/present a(strong/clear/good)～against sb有/提出/提出控告某人的(有力/明确/有效的)论据;have a strong～for one's side/for the prosecution/for the defence有为己方辩护/为原告作证/答辩的有力论据;There's a good～for thinking he's wrong.完全有根据认为他是错误的。state one's～陈述自己的根据;〖同〗argument，debate;

(8)(语法)格((changes in the)form of a noun，pronoun or adjective showing its relation to other words in a sentence)[C，U]：the subject(ive)/object(ive)/possessive/common～主格/宾格/所有格/通格;

(9)傻瓜，笨蛋(silly person;fool)[C，sing](sl)：He is a real～/really is a～.他真是个大傻瓜。

in any case无论如何：In any～，you should return in one day.无论情况怎样，你应该一天内回来。

in no case决不：In no～are you to leave your post.你决不可离开岗位。

in case of 如果，万一;以防(备)：in～of illness /necessity /need /emergency /flood /fire/rain万一有病/需要/有用/出现紧急情况/发生洪灾/着火/下雨;insure the house/break the glass in～of fire将房子保险以防发生火灾/万一发生火灾把玻璃打碎;

in case以防(备);如果，万一：Take it in～it (should) rain(s)/you(should)need it/anything (should) happen(s).带着它以备下雨/万一你用得着/万一出什么事。It may not rain，but you'd better take it in～.也许不会下雨，不过你最好带着它以防万一。

→′case-book n 病(案)例簿;′case-law n 案例审判法;′case-load n(医生的)全部服务对象;′case-study n 个案研究;

【辨异】case与instance和example都表示代表一类事物的某个特例。case是通用语，指典型的一例或一类事实和情况，如：a typical case of cheating(典型的欺骗);instance(例证，实例)在语义上与case紧密相关，是用以说明一个总的思想的具体事例，如：an instance of bad behaviour(不良行为的一个例子);example(例证，实例)是许多类似事实和情况中的典型一例，用以说明一般规律(同类中其他的也会如此)，如：The boy is an example of the effect of strict discipline.(这个男孩是说明严格的纪律发挥作用的一个例证。)还有illustration(例证)，在语义上与 instance 紧密相关，也是用来说明一个理论或原则，只是其选择纯粹是假设的，如：The working of a pump is an illustration how the heart sends blood around the body.(水泵的工作原理可以说明心脏是如何给全身供血的。)