n (1)战争(military fight between nations or groups within a nation)[U]：the horrors/outbreak/art of～战争的恐怖/爆发/艺术;the seat/theatre of～战场; a prisoner of～战俘;an act of～战争行为;a declaration of～宣战; declare～on a country 向一个国家宣战;prepare for/avoid～ 为战争作准备/避免战争; Peace isn't just the absence of～. 和平并不仅仅是战争的平息。There are no winners in nuclear～. 在核战争中没有赢家。Soldiers are trained for～. 为战争训练士兵。a～memorial/grave/hero 战争纪念碑/墓地/英雄;a～veteran 经历过战争的老兵;a～poet 战争诗人;They did a lot in the～years. 他们在战争年代做了许多工作。〖同〗 fighting， battle，combat;〖反〗 peace，neutrality，armistice;

(2)战争，战争期间(instance or period of a military fight between countries or states)[C]： a civil～内战; the cold～冷战; in the First/Second World W～在第一/二次世界大战期间; bring on a～引起战争;put an end to a～结束一场战争; in the～against Britain 在反对英国的战争中; Italy entered the～on the side of Germany. 意大利站在德国一方参战。If a～breaks out，the people will suffer most. 一旦爆发战争，最遭殃的是人民。fight/serve in both World W～s 参加两次世界大战; start/unleash/provoke/win/end/lose a～开始/发动/挑起/赢得/结束/输掉一场战争; the American W～of Independence 美国独立战争; the Opium W～鸦片战争; a～of attrition 消耗战; an aggressive/unjust/unpopular～ 侵略/非正义/不得人心的战争; a conventional/guerrilla/just/nuclear～ 常规战/游击战/正义之战/核战争; a defensive～ 防御战; an offensive～ 进攻战; star～s 星球大战;〖同〗fight，battle，combat;〖反〗 peace，peacetime;

(3)冲突，对抗(conflict or dispute between people or groups)[C，U]： a trade/newspaper circulation/tariff/racial/religious～贸易/报纸发行/关税/种族/宗教冲突;a fare～among airlines 航空公司之间的价格之战;the oil-price～石油价格大战;〖同〗conflict，struggle，hostility，opposition;〖反〗 peace，agreement;

(4)斗争(struggle between groups of people or campaign against sth)[U，a～][N(against)]：a～against disease/poverty/cancer/corruption 反对疾病/贫困/癌症/腐败的斗争; Much progress has been made in the～against drug smuggling. 打击贩毒走私的斗争进展很大。declare～on crime/drunkenness/inflation/poor grammar 向罪恶/酗酒/通货膨胀/文理不通宣战;The administration is planning a new～on drugs. 当局正在部署一场围剿毒品的新战斗。a～of elimination of rats 灭鼠运动;〖同〗 struggle，fight，battle，combat;〖反〗peace，agreement;

at war 处于交战状态：Germany was at～with almost all countries in the world. 德国几乎同世界所有的国家处于交战状态。

go to war 开战： The King decided to go to～against his neighbour. 国王决定向其邻国开战。

have been in the wars (打架)受过伤;受过虐待(infml)：You look as though you've been in the～s. 你看上去好像跟人打架了吧。

make/wage war on 向……开战：The Allies made/waged～on Hitler. 同盟国向希特勒开战。make(wage)～on crime/pollution/poverty 与犯罪/污染/贫困作斗争;

a war of nerves 心理战：All games of chess are a～of nerves. 所有的棋类游戏都是心理战。

a war of words 舌(笔)战： The two oppositions carried a～of words on the present economic policy. 两个对立党派对现行经济政策展开了舌战。

→′war-cry n 战斗(竞争)口号;′war-dance n 战舞;′warfare n 战争，冲突;′war-game n 作战(游戏);地图、沙盘等上的战争演习;′warhead n 导弹或鱼雷的弹头;′war-horse n 战马;′warlike adj 好战的;′war-lord n 军阀;′warmonger n 战争贩子;′war-paint n(原始部落战士)出战前涂于身上的颜料;化妆品;′warship n 军舰;′wartime n 战时;′war-weary adj 厌战的;

vi (1)进行交战(战争)(engage in a military fight)[I](旧用法)：India and Pakistan～red in 1965 over Kashmir. 印度与巴基斯坦因克什米尔问题于1965年交战。These two tribes have been～ring constantly for generations. 这两个部落之间的战争已经持续了几代人。～ring tribes 交战的部落;～for national independence/the control of the Pacific 为民族独立/控制太平洋而战;〖同〗fight，battle，combat;

(2)斗争，冲突(be in active or vigorous conflict)[I+prep(against/on)]：～against illness/tyrants/injustice/vice/evil 与疾病/暴君/不公正/罪恶/邪恶作斗争;～on alcohol/corruption practice 同酗酒/舞弊行贿作斗争;We've been～ring with the neighbours about who should mend the fence. 我们就谁应该修复篱笆的问题一直与邻居对峙着。The temptation～red with his conscience. 诱惑与他的良心进行较量。〖同〗contend，struggle，clash，attack