(1)违背(反)，违犯(break (a promise or law))[T+n]：～an agreement/an oath 违背协议/誓约;(findings)～the laws of physics(调查结果)违反物理定律;～the law违犯法律;The actress/mine owners～d the terms of her/their contract. 女演员/矿主违反了合同条款。〖同〗break，disobey，disregard; invade;〖反〗respect，honour，obey;

(2)亵渎，侮辱(injure the person or property;do harm to;rape)[T+n]： Thieves have～d the church by using it as a stable/the flag by tearing it down. 盗贼们把教堂当马厩亵渎了宗教/扯下旗子亵渎了旗帜。〖同〗dishonour;abuse;〖反〗respect，honour，protect，defend;

(3)妨碍，搅扰 (interrupt or disturb roughly)[T+n](fig)：～sb's privacy/sb's right to free speech 侵犯某人的隐私/妨碍某人的言论自由;The nightmare～d the peaceful sleep. 噩梦妨碍了安睡。The sound of guns～d usual calm of Sunday morning. 枪声打破了往常星期天早晨的平静。

→͵vio′lation n 违反;侵犯;亵渎;′violator n 违反者