n (1)干，秆，茎，梗(central part of a plant that grows up from the ground from which a leaf， flower or fruit grows)[C]：a long，hairy，twisting～细长弯曲布满毛刺的花茎;daffodil～s 黄水仙茎;the～of a rose 玫瑰花的茎杆;〖同〗trunk，spear，shoot，cane，stock;

(2)叶柄，花梗(plant part which supports or joins a leaf flower fruit)[C];

(3)杯子脚，(烟斗，器皿)柄(slender rod or tube supporting a wineglass or other vessel on its base)[C]：the～of a wineglass/a tobacco pipe 酒杯脚/烟斗柄;

(4)词干(main part of a word whose spelling remains the same when different endings are added on to it)[C](gram)：In the words，“cordiality” and “cordially”，“cord-”is the root and “cordial-” is the～. 在cordiality和cordially 两个单词中，“cord-”是词根，“cordial-”是词干。

(5)家系(族)(main line of the origin of a family)[C];

from stem to stern 1)从船头到船尾：The ship has been refitted from～to stern. 那船已被从头到尾装修一新。2)从头到尾，完全：As the ship touched the rock，she shook from～to stern. 当船触礁的刹那间，整条船猛烈地一震。

v

stem from (v prep)起源于，基于(vt)：His back trouble～s from an old war injury. 他的背痛是由于战争中的旧伤造成的。Her recklessness～s from vanity. 她的鲁莽源于自负。