v (1)立，站(住，着)(be in an upright position，not sitting or lying)[I]：be too weak to～虚弱得站不住;～next to the door/by sb's bed and listen 站在大门旁/某人床边听;～clear of the fire 离开火站着;Few trees were left～ing. 几乎没剩几棵树还立着。Few of the buildings still～. 依然屹立的建筑寥寥无几。S～still/motionless/firm while I paint you. 我为你画像时，站着别动。Don't～if you are tired，but sit down.如果你累了，别站着，坐下吧。(guard)～at/to attention(警卫)立正站着;〖反〗sit，lie，lay;
 (2)站(立)起来(rise to one's feet)[I，I+p(up)]：～(up) when the National Anthem is played 奏国歌时起立;The children stood (up) as the teacher came in. 老师进来时，孩子们起立。～up to see better 站起来以便看得更清楚些;S～up，please. 请起立。
 (3)使直立，竖起，放置(cause to be in an upright position，set，place，etc)[T+n+prep，T+n+adv]：～the vase/the empty barrels on the table (the floor) 把花瓶/空桶立在桌(地(板))上;～one's child on a chair 让自己的孩子站在椅子上;～the ladder/the bicycle (up/upright) against the wall 把椅子/自行车靠墙立着;The chair has fallen over. S～it up again. 椅子倒了，把它再立起来。〖同〗set，rear，raise，erect，mount;
 (4)身高(高度)为……(measure a certain height when erect)[I+n+prep]：David～s six feet three inches. 大卫身高六英尺三英寸。The building/tower～s 60 feet. 那大楼/塔高60英尺。Every man in the team～s over six feet. 队中每个人的身高都超过六英尺。
 (5)位于(be located or situated in a certain place;occupy a position)[I]：An ancient watchtower～s on the cliff/upon the hill. 一座古瞭望塔位于悬崖/山上。There is now a factory where our house once stood. 过去我们家所在的地方现在是一家工厂。
 (6)(指车辆)停着(不动)((of a vehicle，etc)remain motionless)[I]：The train stood for an hour outside Newcastle/in the station. 那列火车在纽卡塞尔外/车站停了一小时。I saw the car stood in the garage/at the traffic lights. 我看到车停放在车房里/停在交通灯前。
 (7)保(维)持不变(有效)(remain as before;remain in force or existence)[I]：The arrangement /The agreement /His offer still～s.安排保持不变/这协议仍然有效/他依然愿意帮助。This law has stood for many centuries. 这条法律已经延续好多世纪了。Let the words～. 不要改动这些文字。
 (8)处于特定状态(be in a particular state，condition or situation)[L+adj，L+n，I，I+prep(at)]：He stood innocent of any wrong/ready to help/convict of murder. 他是无辜的，毫无错误/随时准备帮助/被判犯有谋杀罪。I～prepared to dispute it/corrected. 我时刻准备就其进行辩论/接受指正。The plot now stood revealed. 这阴谋现在揭露出来了。Some of the machinery is～ing idle. 一些机器在闲置着。He～s first in the class. 他在班上名列第一。 She～s high in the esteem of others/high in our opinion. 她深受他人尊敬/在我们心目中有威望。I still～your friend. 我还是你的朋友。How do matters/things～(with him)?(他)情况如何? As things now～，we shall win. 就目前情况看，我们会赢。He stood in danger of a lawsuit/in need of food and clothing/under heavy obligations. 他处于被诉讼的危险之中/需要食物和衣服/负有重大的义务。The thermometer stood at 80 degrees. 温度计显示80 度。The fund stood at $1000. 这基金有1000美元。The clock stood at ten. 钟的指针指向10点。
 (9)(液体，化合物等)静止不动((of a liquid，mixture，etc)remain without moving)[I]：Leave the mixture to～overnight. 把那化合物沉淀一夜。After you have put the powder in the milk let it～in a warm place until it sets. 把粉末放进牛奶中，然后放在温暖的地方不动，直至它凝固。rain water in～ing pools 静止的水池中积存的雨水;
 (10)很有可能会(be likely to do sth)[I+to-inf]：Who～s to gain from this war/lose his advantage/win the game? 谁可能从这场战争中受益/失去优势/赢得比赛? The growing population～s to slow the rate of the development of society. 不断增长的人口会降低社会发展的速度。
 (11)忍耐(受)，容忍(endure or tolerate)[无pass： T+n，T+to-inf，T+ing][不用prog](尤在neg或interr中，与can/could连用)：can't～sb/criticism/the climate/the strain/the life 无法忍受某人/批评/那种气候/这种紧张/这种生活;～no nonsense 不能容忍荒唐的行为;couldn't～to be ordered about 无法忍受对自己发号施令;can't～sb's talking to one like that/sb's interrupting all the time/being kept waiting 不能容忍某人对自己如此说话/不断地插嘴/久等;It will～firing up to 1300.这可耐火烧至1300度。〖同〗endure，persist，sustain，hold，tolerate，suffer;
 (12)进行付账，请客(pay for)[T+n 无pass，D+n+n]：～lunch for the three/drinks all around 请三人同去吃午饭/大家喝饮料;Let me～you a drink! 让我请你喝一杯吧! I'll～you a dinner to celebrate it. 我要为你设宴以示庆祝。〖同〗pay for，finance，treat;
 (13)做候选人，参加竞选(be or become a candidate，as for public office)[I，I+prep (for)](尤BrE)(=run，尤AmE)：～successfully in two elections 两次选举中均获胜;～for club president/Parliament/president 竞选俱乐部主席/议员/总统;He stood on the party's candidate in the election.他作为该党的候选人参加竞选。
 (14)取某航向(hold a specific course at sea)[I，I+prep，I+adv]～eastward (for the coast)向东朝海岸航行;～out from the shore 驶离海岸;
 stand well，etc with sb和……关系好(等)：He～s well with his manager. 他和他的经理关系不错。
 stand aside (v adv) 1)站(让)开(vi)：He stood aside to let me pass. 他让开以让我过去。2)不参与，不做事(vi)：How can you～aside and see the child badly treated? 看着孩子受虐待你怎么无动于衷呢? 3)退出(竞选等)：He stood aside in favour of a better man. 他退出来把机会让给更优秀的人。
 stand back (v adv) 1)往后站，退后：(vi)：S～back! This is a very powerful explosive! 退后! 这是一种爆炸力很强的炸药。2)位于靠后一些的地方(vi)：The church～s (well) back from the road. 教堂离开公路有一段距离。
 stand by (v adv) 1)袖手旁观(vi)：When the house was on fire they just stood by. 房子着火时，他们袖手旁观。2)准备行动(vi)：Please～by and wait for further instructions. 请随时准备行动并等待进一步指示。
 stand by (v prep) 1)支持，帮助(vt)：I pointed out that we were all workers and should～by one another. 我指出我们都是工人，应该互相支持和帮助。2)信(遵)守(vt)：I～by my word at all times.我永远信守自己的诺言。
 stand down (v adv) 1)(作证后)退出证人席(vi)：Thank you. You may now～down. 谢谢，现在你可以离席了。2)退出(竞选等)，退职(vi)：The mayor is going to～down in favour of a younger man. 这位市长准备辞职，让位给年轻一点的人。3)(军队)使离岗(解除戒备状态)(vi & vt)：“S～down，men.” said the captain. 连长说：“全体解散。”
 stand for (v prep) 1)是……的缩写(vt.无pass)：What do the letters PTO～for? 字母 PTO 是什么的缩写? 2)代表(vt，无pass)：Our flag～s for our country. 我们的旗帜代表我们的国家。3)赞成，支持(vt.无pass)：He always～s for what is right. 他对正确的事物总是支持的。4)忍受，容忍(vt)(infml)：The teacher wouldn't～for such behaviour. 那位教师不会容忍这种行为。
 stand in for (v adv prep)代替(vt，无pass)：Will you～in for me for about twenty minutes? 你能代替我20分钟左右吗?
 stand out (v adv) 1)显而易见，突出(vt)：The red house～s out against the background of green hills. 这座红房子在青山的映衬下十分夺目。2)突(杰)出，出色(vi)：Even as a schoolboy player，he stood out from the rest of the team. 甚至在当校队队员的时候，他就比队中的其他人出色。3)继续抵抗(反对)(vt，无pass)：The trade unions have continued to～out against the government's wage and price controls. 工会继续抗议政府对工资和价格的管制。
 stand over (v prep)密切注意(监视)(vt)：Ted's mother had to～over him to get him to do his homework. 特德的母亲不得不监视着他，让他完成作业。
 stand to (v adv)(命令)作好战斗准备(vi & vt)：The troops (were) stood to in case of attack.(命令)部队作好准备，抵御进攻。
 stand up (v adv) 违约(vt)：Jim said he'd be at the station，but he stood me up! 吉米说他将在车站等我，但他食言了。
 stand up for (v adv prep)为……辩护，支持(vt)：All my friends will～up for me. 所有的朋友都将支持我。
 stand up (to)(v adv)经得起(vi)：His wife's health will not～up to this cold damp climate. 他妻子的健康状况将经不起这寒冷潮湿气候的影响。
 stand up to (v adv prep) 1)对(反)抗(vt)：You must～up to him. 你必须敢于反抗他。A soldier must～up to danger. 一个士兵必须勇于面对危险。2)耐久(用)(vt)：My old bicycle has stood up to the bad roads. 我那辆旧自行车经住了这破路面上的颠簸。
 →′stand-by n 备用的人或物;′stand-in n 替身;′standing n 身份;地位;持续时间;adj 常备的;长期有效的;直立的;站着进行的;͵stand-′offish adj 冷淡的，矜持的;′stand-up adj 站着吃的;说单口相声的;直接而激烈的;
 n (1)站立，立脚点(place taken up by the act of standing)[C，sing]：take one's～in the corner 站在角落里;His feet ached from the two-hour～. 他站了两个小时双脚都站痛了。〖同〗standing;〖反〗sit;
 (2)抵抗(御)的时间(period of time of a strong effort of opposition)[C]：a～of thirty days 30天的抵抗;put up a～进行反击;mount a determined～against the closure of the school 发动了一场坚决抵制学校关闭的运动;make a valiant～against the fierce attack 对凶猛的进攻进行英勇的抵抗;〖同〗defence，resistance，effort，hold;〖反〗collapse，retreat，withdrawal;
 (3)架，台，座(object，esp a piece of furniture，for holding or supporting sth)[C](常构成合成词)：a coat/hat～ 衣/帽架;an umbrella～ 伞架;a music～乐谱架;Where is the vegetable～?放蔬菜的架子在哪儿?
 (4)摊(位)，售货台(亭)(area，stall or other structure where goods are displayed for sale or advertisement)[C]：a flower/fruit～鲜花/水果摊; a market～市场的摊位; have a～at the book fair 书展中有个摊位;〖同〗counter，tent;
 (5)看台(large sloping structure beside a football pitch，race course，etc with rows of seats for spectators)[C，常pl]：the west～(s)西看台;sit in the (grand)～to watch the football match 坐在大看台上观看足球比赛;watch the baseball game from the～s 从看台上观看垒球比赛;hit the ball into the～把球击入观众席;
 (6)停车处，站(place or station in a street occupied by vehicles available for hire)[C]：a taxi-～出租汽车停车处;a～for ten taxis 可停10辆出租车的车站;
 (7)(巡回演出剧团在一地的)停留(演出)(stop on a performance tour)[C]：a series of one-night～s 一系列只演一晚的演出;open a four-week～开始为期四周的固定演出;
 (8)(法庭上的)证人席(witness-box (in a law court))[C，通常sing](AmE)：take the～作证;The witness duly arrived and was put on the～. 证人准时到达并被带进证人席。
 make a stand (against/for sth/sb)准备抵抗(斗争，反对)：They fled instead of making a～. 他们不是抵抗而是逃跑。The army made a～against the advancing enemy. 部队拦击敌人。
 take a/one's stand (on sth)采取某种立场或态度：They are expected to take an uncompromising～at the conference. 预计他们将在会上采取不妥协的立场。
 →′stand-pipe n(建筑物外的)供水竖管;′standpoint n 立足点，立场;standstill n 停(中)止;
 【辨异】stand与 bear、endure和tolerate的区别见BEAR。