n (1)(与肉体相对而言的)精神，心(灵)(part of a human being associated with the mind and feelings，as distinguished from the physical body)[C，U]：matter and～物质和精神;His～still lives on.他的精神依然存在。His～is troubled/He is troubled in～. 他的内心痛苦。be full of the～of revolt/rebellion 充满了反叛精神;She has a～of initiative. 他有种主动精神。The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足。〖同〗will，mind，heart，motivation;〖反〗body，flesh;

(2)灵(亡)魂(soul，considered as still alive apart from the body of a person after death;ghost)[C]：They believe the～lives on after death.他们相信人死后灵魂不死。make contact with the～s of the dead与亡灵交流;raise～s与亡灵沟通;the abode of～s 冥府; be possessed by evil～s 被邪恶的鬼魂缠住;the～world 阴曹地府;〖同〗soul，mind;〖反〗body，flesh;

(3)精灵，妖精，仙子，鬼(supernatural being;ghost)[C](旧用法)：good～s 好心的精灵;Ghosts and fairies are～s.鬼和仙子是超自然的生物。God is a～.上帝是神灵。The haunted house was filled with～s. 那座闹鬼的房子里到处是鬼魂。〖同〗ghost，shade;〖反〗body，flesh;

(4)神灵(consciousness and life regarded as independently existing)[C，U]：the Holy S～圣灵;God is pure～. 上帝是纯洁的神灵。the belief that～is everywhere and in everything 坚信神灵无所不在、无所不有的信仰;

(5)(具有特定品质的)人物(person thought of as possessing or showing a certain quality)[C]：(总与一形容词连用)：a generous/kind/mean/proud～慷慨/善良/小气/骄傲的人;an independent～有独立性的人;one of the most ardent/leading～s of one's time 那个时代最活跃/主要的人物之一;What a noble～he is ! 他是个多么高尚的人!

(6)心绪(境，态)，态度(prevailing mind or mood;attitude)[U，a～]：do sth in a～of mischief 带着恶作剧的心理做某事;come to the meeting in a～of genuine reconciliation 本着真正和解的精神(态度)参加会议;approach sth in the right/the wrong～以正确/错误的态度对待某事;take the joke/the criticism/the remark on the right～以坦荡的心怀对待那玩笑/批评/评论;

(7)勇(锐)气;活力，精神(particular mood marked by vigour，energy，courage，or liveliness)[U]：a team that showed a lot of～一支显示巨大勇气的球队;do sth with～精神十足地做某事;fight/attack with～生龙活虎地战斗/进攻;play basketball with tremendous～生龙活虎地打篮球;break sb's～挫伤某人的锐气;Put～into your work.干工作精神点儿。marry a girl of～娶一个充满活力的姑娘;have no～for the dangerous journey 没有勇气去进行此种危险的旅行;Everybody lacked～in that gloomy day. 在那阴沉的日子人人都缺乏活力。〖同〗vigour，liveliness，enthusiasm，energy，eagerness;〖反〗lifelessness，dullness，spiritlessness;

(8)精神，本质(central or characteristic quality or force of sth)[U，the～]：the～of the times/the age/the revolution 时代/时代/这次革命的精神;the 16th-century～of exploration/enquiry 16世纪的探险/探究精神;

(9)真义，本旨(real meaning，sense，or intent of sth)[U]：obey the～of the law 遵守法律的本旨(不拘泥于文字);follow out the～of sb's instruction 贯彻某人的指示精神;〖同〗intention，intent，meaning，sense;

(10) 1)烈性酒(strong alcoholic drink)[C，通常 pl]：sell wine and～s 出售葡萄酒和烈性酒;a glass of～一杯烈酒;He touches/drinks no～s. 他根本不喝烈性酒。Brandy，whisky，gin and rum are all called～s. 白兰地、威士忌、杜松子酒和朗姆酒都叫烈性酒。2)酒精(purified alcohol for industrial use)[U]：put some (surgical)～on the spot on one's face 在脸上的粉刺处涂了一些消毒酒精;white～石油溶剂;

(11)心情(境)，情绪(person's cheerful or sad state of mind)[pl]：in good/high/bad/low/poor～s 情绪好/高/坏/低/低;lift/raise sb's～s 使某人振作起来;keep one's～s up 保持高涨情绪;lose one's～s 垂头丧气;His～s rose/brightened/improved.他的情绪振作/高涨/好转起来了〖同〗mood，feelings，emotions;

in spirit 内心里，精神上：I shall be there with you in～. 我的心将与你同在。

→′spirited adj 精神饱满的;充满活力的;′spiritedly adv 精神饱满地;充满活力地′spiritless adj 无精神的，没生气的;′spiritual adj 精神上的;n(黑人)圣歌;′spirit-lamp n 酒精灯;′spirit-level n(气泡)水准仪;

v

spirit away/off (v adv)迅速神秘地带(拐)走(vt)： To avoid angry demonstrators，the minister was～ed away through the back entrance. 为躲避愤怒的示威群众，部长悄悄地被人从后门送走。

【辨异】spirit与 ghost的区别见GHOST。