n (1) 斗争，战斗(役) (fight between oppos-ing groups， esp between organized armed forces;struggle) [C]：a fierce/gun～激烈的斗争/枪战;a～between two lions/two boxers 俩狮子/拳击手间的争斗;The B～of Waterloo滑铁卢战役;the last～of a war战争的最后一仗;〖同〗campaign， fight;

(2) 战斗 (fighting; struggling) [U]：go out to/die in/be killed in～投入战斗/战死/战死;the noise of～战斗厮杀声;join～(with sb) (与……)交战;give～to the enemy 向敌人挑战;

(3) 斗争 (any hard struggle or sharp conflict) [C]：a political～政治斗争;a championship～冠军争夺战;a～of words/wits舌战/智斗;a～against poverty/inflation摆脱贫穷/克服通货膨涨的斗争;a～for promotion/first place/women's liberation争取提升/争夺第一/争取妇女解放的斗争; Martin Luther King led the～for equal rights for blacks.马丁·路德·金领导了争取黑人平等权利的斗争。fight a losing～进行没有希望成功的斗争;〖同〗struggle，contest，fight;

be half the battle 成功了一半：Recognizing that there is a problem is half the～.认识到问题的存在就等于问题解决了一半。

→′battle-cruiser n 战列巡洋舰;′battleship n 主力舰;′battle-cry n 喊杀声;′battlefield n 战场;′battleground n 战场;′battledress n 作战服;′battle-axe n 战斧;(infml)专横的女人;

v 战(搏，奋)斗 (fight or struggle) [I， I+prep(with/against)(for)， I+adv(on/away)， T+n]：The two armies/fighters/boxers～d for two hours. 两支军队/两个战士/两个拳击手打了两个小时。They～d bravely and fiercely until dawn.他们勇猛战斗直到天明。～against ill-health/poverty/disease与不健康/贫穷/疾病作斗争;～with the wind/the waves/each other战风/斗浪/互相争斗;～with poverty/disease与贫穷/疾病作斗争;～with one's employers for a pay-rise为增加工资与老板斗争;～for first place/life 为争夺第一名/生存而斗争;～away/on for a long time战斗很长时间;～on against the enemy 继续与敌人战斗;～the storm for hours 与风暴搏斗数小时;～one's way against the wind/to the top of one's profession顶风奋进/奋斗达到事业的顶峰;〖同〗fight，struggle