vt (1)抛(离，遗)弃(leave a thing or place or person completely and for ever;desert)[T+n，D+n+prep(to)]：～a disabled truck/a burning ship/a fort抛弃报废的卡车/离弃着火的船/放弃城堡;～one's wife/one's family/one's baby遗弃妻子/家庭/婴儿;The thieves～ed the stolen car.小偷们抛弃了那辆偷来的汽车。give orders to～ship 下令弃船;～one's farm and move to the city 离弃农场而迁入城市;～one's lands/one's property to the enemy 把土地/财产放弃给敌人;～a city to a conqueror 把城市放弃给征服者;～sb to his fate 任某人由命运摆布;〖同〗desert，leave;〖反〗take，keep，hold;

(2)(中途)放弃(give up completely(esp sth begun) without finishing)[T+n]：～an attempt/a journey/a match/a search停止尝试/旅行/比赛/搜索;～a plan/a project/a scheme放弃计划/方案/方案;～a habit改掉习惯;The scientist～ed his research for lack of fund.那位科学家因资金缺乏而放弃研究。～the whole idea/all hope 放弃整个想法/一切希望;〖同〗give up，discontinue;〖反〗continue，maintain;

(3)沉溺，放纵，陷于(give oneself up completely to an emotion，desire，etc)[T+n+prep(to)]：～oneself to despair/grief/sorrow陷于绝望/悲痛/悲伤;～oneself to pleasure纵情享乐;

→ a′bandoned adj 放荡的，不道德的;a′bandonment n 抛(遗)弃;放任(纵);

n 放任(纵)(freedom from worry or control)[U]：jump/dance/shout/cry with (in)(wild/gay)～(情不自禁/欢快地)纵情蹦跳/跳舞/喊/哭;ride with the skilful ～of a cowboy 如牛仔般纵马狂奔;The food was consumed with joyous～.食物被兴高采烈地吃得一干二净。〖同〗unrestraint，freedom;〖反〗restraint，control;

【辨异】abandon与desert² 都可表示“抛(遗)弃”的意思。abandon指完全放弃，可以是出于必要、环境所迫、不自愿，或为了逃避责任，如：abandon a hopeless task(放弃一项无望的任务);desert²(抛弃，遗弃)指有意地违背责任、义务、誓言等，负有法律或道义上的责任，如：desert a party(背弃党);还有forsake(抛弃，遗弃)，强调断绝感情上的依恋，指违背感情上的责任，或放弃以前的珍爱之物，如：forsake poetry/a noble cause(放弃诗歌/崇高的事业)。