| 单词 | break |
| 释义 | break1 /breik; brek/ vt, vi (pt broke /brauk; brok/ old Eng 古英语作 brake) /breik; brek/, pp broken /'braukan; 'brokan/ 1 [VP6A, 15B, 2A, C] (of a whole thing) (cause to) go or come into two or more separate parts as the result of force, a blow or strain (but not by cutting): (指完整白 5 东西) 打破; 击破; 打断; 破碎; 破裂; 断 (但非由切割所致)： When she dropped the teapot it broke. 她把茶壶掉在地上打破了。 The boy fell from the tree and broke his leg. 那男孩从树上跌下，跌断了腿。 Glass easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 If you pull too hard you will ~ the rope. 你如果太用力拉，就会把绳子拉断。 The string broke. 绳子断了。 ~ into/to pieces; ~ in two, etc, (cause to) come or go into pieces, in two, etc parts: (使) 成商片; (使) 破成两半 He broke the box into pieces. 他把匣子打成粉碎。 When I hit the ball, my bat broke in two. 番我击球时, 我的球棒断成两截。 2 [VP6A, 15B, 2A, C] (of a part or parts) (cause to) be separate or discontinuous because of force or strain: (指部份) (使) 分离; (使) 断折： He broke a branch from the tree. 他从树上凯下一枝树枝。 The door-handle has broken off. 门病已经折断。 A large part of it broke away, came off. 它成亍一大块。 ~ sb/oneself of' a habit, succeed in getting him/oneself to give it up, 使某人 (自己) 戒除一种习惯。 3 [VP6A] make (sth) useless by injuring an essential part (of a machine, apparatus, etc): 损坏; 破坏 (机器等)： ~ a clock/ a sewing-machine. 损坏一座钟 (一架缝纫机) 。 4 [VP2D, 22] (with 。明) : ( 与形容词连用)： ~ even, make neither a profit nor a loss. 不赚也不亏; 成和局; 不分胜负。 ~ 'loose (from), get or become separate: 冲脱或脱离 (锁炼等)： The dog has broken loose, got free from its chain. 狗挣脱锁炼了。 All hell has broken loose, all the devils in hell have escaped; (fig) (used to describe a scene of confusion, eg a bombardment), 地狱里所有的恶魔都逃出来了; (喻) (用以描写混乱的情形，例如炮轰) 。 ~ sth open, get it open by using force: 用力打开; 撬开： ~ open a safe/door/the lid of a desk. 用力打开保险柜 (门，桌面) 。 5 [VP2A, C] (with various subjects): (与各种主词连扇)： The abscess/blister/ bubble broke, burst. 脓疮 (水泡，气泡) 破了。 Day was beginning to ~, daylight was beginning. 天开始亮了。 → daybreak. His voice is beginning to ~, change in quality as he reaches manhood. 他的声音开始变粗了 (长大成人的现象) 0She was filled with emotion and her voice broke, She faltered, was unable to speak clearly because of emotion. 她激制 j 得说不出资来。 The storm broke, began, burst into activity. 暴风雨骤然而来。 The fine weather/The heat-wave/The frost broke, The period of fine weather, etc ended after being settled. 好天气 (热天气，霜寒) (经过一段持续之后) 突然转变。 Cf 参较 How long will the fine weather hold? 这好天气将会持续好久？ The clouds broke (= parted, showed an opening) and the sun came through. 云开出一条缝隙，太阳就须出来了。 The waves were ~ing (= curling and falling) over/on/against the rocks. 浪涛冲击着岩石。 The sea was ~ing (= sending waves that were ~ing) on the beach/over the wrecked ship. 海浪冲刷着海滩 (破船的残骸) 。 The enemy broke (= developed gaps in their lines, fell into confusion) and fled. 敌军败阵而逃。 When the bank broke (= was unable to carry on business because of lack of funds), many people were ruined. 当银行倒闭时，许多人都跟着破产了。 A good boiler can make the ball ~, (in cricket) change from its course when it strikes the ground. (板球) 好的球手能使球着地时改变方向。 6 [VP6A] (with various objects): (与各种宾语连用)： ~ sb's back/neck/nose, etc, cause the bone(s) of the back, etc to be out of the right position. 击断某人的脊骨 (颈项、鼻梁等) 。 → back ⑴ . ~ the bank, exhaust its funds; win all the money that the person managing a gambling game has, 把庄家所有的钱都赢来; 耗光庄家的赌本。 bounds, (mil) go out of bounds without permission or authority. (军) 擅自进入禁止军人进入之场所。 ~ one's fall, weaken its effect, make it less violent. 减弱其捧跌之力。 ~ the force of sth, reduce its force by bearing part of it: 减弱某物的力量： The tall hedge ~s the force of the wind. 高的树篱能减弱风力。 → windbreak. ~ fresh/new ground, (fig) start work at sth new. (喻) 开辟新天地; 开创新事业。 ~ sb's heart. reduce him to despair. 令某人心碎; 令某人绝望。 ~ a man, ruin him; compel him to reveal a secret, etc. 使某人破产; 毁灭某人; 迫使其吐露秘密。 ~ the news, make it known. 泄漏消息、。 ~ the (bad) news (to sb), reveal the news in such a way that its effect is less of a shock. 用一点技巧 (向某人) 透露 (坏) 消息以便减轻听者所受的打击。 ~ an officer, dismiss him, take his commission from him. 开除一军官 (免去他的军职) 。~ - path/ way, make one by pushing or beating aside obstacles. (U除障碍) 开辟一条道路; 打出一条路来。 ~ prison/gaol, escape from, make one's way out of, prison. 越狱。 ~ ranks, (of soldiers) leave the ranks without permission. (指士兵) (未获准而) 脱离队伍。 ~ s (Commonwealth/Olympic/ World, etc) record, do better than it, make a new record. 打破 (大英国协，奥运，世界等的) 纪录; 缔造新纪录。 ~ a set of books/china, etc, cause it to be incomplete by giving away or selling a part or parts of it, 拆散一套书籍 (瓷器等) (如赠送或卖去一部份使之不能成鑫) 。 ~ the skin on one's elbow/ knees/knuckles, etc, graze it, so as to cause bleeding. 擦破手肘 (膝盖、指节等) 。 ~ step, (of soldiers) stop marching rhythmically in step, eg to avoid excessive vibration on a weak bridge. (指士兵) 改用便步走 (例如在危桥上避免过分的震动) 。 ~ a strike, end it by compelling the workers to submit. 迫使工人停止龙工。 strike breaker. ~ wind, expel wind from the bowels or stomach. 放屁。 also code (3), cover1 (5), icep). 7 [VP6A, 15A, B] train or discipline: 训练; 驯养： ~ a horse (in), bring it to a disciplined state: 驯马 a wel broken horse; 驯良的马; ~ a horse to harness/ to the rein, accustom it to wearing harness, etc. 驯马使惯于戴黑具 (密绳) 。 8 [VP6A, 15B] subdue, keep under, end by force: 压倒; 制服; 控制; 以武力使之结束： ~ sb's spirit/will; 瓦解某人的精神 (意志); ~ (down) the enemy's resistance; 粉碎敌人的抵抗; ~ the power of the rebel leader. 浦段叛乱首领的势力。 9 [VP6A] act in opposition to; infringe: 违犯; 违背; 违反; 侵犯; 侵害： ~ the law/the rules/a regulation; 违法 (规, 章); ~ a contract/an agreement; 违背契约 (应定); ~ the Sabbath, do things on a Sunday that should not be done; 不守安息日 (在星期夭做不应该做的事); ~ one's word/a promise, fail to keep a promise： 不守诺言; 会言; ~ an appointment, fail to keep it ; 失约; 爽约; ~ faith with sb, betray or deceive him. 不忠于某人; 欺骗某 Ao 10 [VP6A] interrupt or destroy the continuity of; end the operation or duration of: 使中止; 宿中断; 停止： ~ (the) silence, end it, eg by speaking; 打破沉寂 (如开始说话); ~ one's journey (at a place); (在某地) 中止其旅行; ~ the peace, cause a disturbance; 破坏治安 (引起骚动); ~ one's fast, (old use) take food after going without, breakfast; (旧用法) 开斋; 斋戒过后恢复进食; ~ short (a conversation, etc), end it; 结束; 终止 (谈话等); a broken night's sleep, one that is disturbed or interrupted. 一夜未能熟睡。 11 [VP15B, 2C, 3A] (special uses with adverbial particles and preps) : (与副词接语及介词连用之特殊用法)： break away (from), go away suddenly or abruptly; give up (habits, modes of thought or belief): 突然走开或转变方向; 挣脱; 脱逃; 革除 (习惯、思想方式或信仰) The prisoner broke away (= escaped after a struggle) from his guards. 囚犯自看守者手中挣脱。 Can't you ~ away from old habits? 你不能戒除礼习惯吗? About twenty members of the Conservative Party have broken away (— seceded). 大约有二十个保守党党员脱征了。 There has been a ~-away from the Party. 党中有人脱党。 One of the provinces has broken away to form a new State. 话省中有一省已经脱离而独立成一新国家。 break 'down, a collapse: 崩溃; 瓦解： His resistance will ~ down in time. 他的抵抗终久是会瓦解的。 Our plans have broken down. 我们的计划已经失败了。 Negotiations have broken down. 谈判已破裂。 b become disabled or useless: (指机器尊) 出毛病; 质龙： The car/engine/machinery broke down, ie because of a mechanical fault. 汽车 (我动机, 机器) 坏掉了。 That old broken-down buj is not worth £5. 那辆破旧的公车值不了五镑钱。 c suffer a physical or mental weakening: 身体或精神衰弱： His health broke down. 他的身体变尊弱亍。 d be overcome by emotion, eg by bursting into tears: 情绪失去控制 (如突然大哭)： She broke down when she heard the news, but quickly, recovered. 她听到那消息就哭了起来，但很快就恢复过来了。 ~ sth down, a get (a door, wall, etc) down by battering it. 将 (门，墙等) 捣毁。 b overthrow by force; suppress: 武力推翻; 镇哒： ~ down all resistance/' opposition. 镇压一切抵抗 (反对) 。 c divide, analyse, classify (statistical material) : 分析; 分类 (统计资料)： ~ down expenditure, give details of how money ery, etc: (机器等) 坏掉; 出毛病： There was a ~ down on the railway and trains were delayed. 镰路出了毛病，列车误点了。 The earthquake has caused a down of communications. 地震造成了交通电讯的中断 (交通与电讯设备的损坏) 。 Hence, 由此产生， ' ~- down gang, men called to repair or remove a train, etc that has been derailed, smashed, etc. (修理或清除出轨, 撞毁等之火车等的) 抢修大队。 b collapse; weakening: 不支; 病倒; 衰弱： He's suffering from a nervous ~ dow/i. 他正患神经衰弱。 c statistical analysis: 统计分析; 析列： a ~ of expenditure. 支出析列。 is spent. 列出开支细目。 d change the chemical composition of; 分祢…去化学成份： Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach. 糖与淀粉在胃中被分解。 '~down n a failure in machin- break forth, (esp fig, of anger, indignation) burst out. (尤用于比喻，指怒气) 爆发; 突发; 迸发。 break in, enter a building by force： 强行进入房屋： Burglars had broken in while we were away on holiday. 我们出外度假时，小偷闯入屋内行窃。 Hence, 由此产生， '~-in n: The police are investigating a ~-in at the local bank. 警方正在调查一件闯入当地银行的窃案。 ~ sb (esp a horse) in. → 7 above; 参看上切 j 第 7 义; train and discipline; accustom sb to a new routine. 使某人习惯于新的常规; 训练; (尤指) 驯马。 ~ in (up) on, disturb; interrupt: 打扰; 打断： Please don't ~ in on our conversation. 请不要打断我们的谈话。 break into, a force one's way into (a building, etc): 强行进入; 闯入 (建筑物等)： His house was broken into (ie by burglars or thieves) last week. 他的房屋上星期曾有窃贼潜入。 b bunst suddenly into: 突然发出; 突然开始：~(。“ ，) into a loud laugh/into loud curses/into song/into praises of sb. 突然发出大笑 (大声诅咒，唱起歌来，称赞某人) 。 c change one's method of movement suddenly: 突然改变步法： ~ into a run/trot/gallop. 突然奔跑 (疾走，飞奔) 。 d occupy, take up, undesirably: 侵占： Social duties ~ into my time /leisure. 社交应酬侵占了我的时间 (闲暇) 。 e (of coins and notes) : (指硬币及钞票 j: ~ into a pound note, use one to pay for sth costing less than this sum: 用一镑的钞票支付不及一镑之款额： I can't pay you the 50p I owe you without ~ing into a £5 note. 我要付你五十便士的欠款, 就得兑散一张五镝的钞票。 f open and draw upon emergency supplies: 打开并提取紧急补给品： The garrison broke into their reserves of ammunition. 卫戍部队启用储备的弹药。 break off, a stop speaking: 停止说话; 中断说话： He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话建未说完就中断了。 b pause; stop temporarily: 停顿; 暂时停止： Let's ~ off for half an hour and have some tea. 让我们小态半小时喝点茶。 ~ (sth) off, a (cause to) separate (a part of sth) : (使) 断折： The mast broke off/was broken off. 船桅断了。 b end abruptly: 突然断绝; 突然中止： ~ off relations (with sb); (与某人) 绝交; ~ off an engagement/conversation. 解约 (突然停止谈话) → break out, coutbreak, (of fire, disease, war, rioting, violence) appear, start, suddenly: (指火灾、 疾病、战争、暴动、暴乱) 突然发生： A fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生火警 o The quarrel broke out afresh. 争吵再度爆洁。 Riots and disorders have broken out. 暴动与骚乱已经发生了。 ~ oi/t (of). escape: 脱逃： Several prisoners broke out of the jail. 有几个囚犯自狱中脱逃。 ~ out in, a suddenly become covered with: 突然布满： His face broke out in pimples/a rash. 他的脸突然间长出粉刺 (红疹) 。 He broke out in a cold sweat, was struck with fear. 他吓得浑身出冷汗。 b show sudden violence in speech or behaviour: (言语或行为) 突然激烈： He broke out in a rage/in curses. 他勃然大怒 (破口大骂) 。 break through, make a way through (an enclosure, obstacles, etc): 突破 (幽仑、障碍物等)： The enemy's defences were strong but our soldiers broke through. 敌人的防线很坚强, 但仍为我军所突破。 The sun broke through (the clouds). 太阳期出 (云层) 来了。 ~ through sth, overcome: 亘祖; 征服; 压倒： ~ through a man's reserve. 打破某人含蓄缄默的态度。 Hence, 由此产生, '~.through n a (mil) piercing (of the enemy's defences). (军) ( ■ 人防线的) 突破 b major achievement, eg in technology: (科学技术等方面的) 主要成就; 突破： a -through in cancer research. 癌症研究的突破。 break up, a come to pieces; disintegrate: 破碎; 碎裂; 瓦解： The ship was ing up on the rocks. 船在礁石上撞毁了。 The gathering broke up in disorder. 集会一哄而散。 b (fig, of persons) go to pieces; become weak: (喻, 指人) 身体衰弱; 变弱： He broke up under the strain. 他弃垮了。 c (of a school, etc) separate at the end of term for holidays: (指学校等) 学期结束; 放寒 (暑) 假： When do you ~ 'up? 你们 (的学校) 何时放寒 (骨) 假？ d (of a couple, a relationship) come to an end: (指婚姻或关系) 结束： The marriage is ~ing up. 该婚姻濑临破裂。 e divide: 分开： Sentences ~ up into clauses. 句子订分成若干了句。 ~ sth up, a smash; demolish: 钢碎; 捣毁： ~ up a box for firewood; 捣毁一只箱子当柴烧; ~ up an old ship for scrap metal. 拆毁仍般当废铁。 b (cause to) split, of divide: (使) 分关; 分成： ~ up a piece of work (among several persons). 分配一件工作 (由数人担任) 。 c (cause to) disperse: (使) 分散; 驿散： The police broke up the crowd/meeting. 警察驱散群众 (集会的人) 。 d bring to an end: 使结束; 终止： They broke up the alliance. 他们终爪了联盟 (或婚姻关系) 。 Hence, 由此产生，' ~-up n (end of a marriage, coalition, etc). (婚姻、联盟等的) 结束。 e (esp of a period of fine weather) change for the worse; end: (尤指经过一段时期的好天气之后) 变坏; 终止： The weather is ~ing up. 天气变坏了。 break with, a end a friendship with: 与…绝交： ~ with an old friend. 与老朋友绝学。 b give up; make an end of: 放弃; 结束： ~ with old habits; 革除普习惯; ~ with old ties, eg when leaving a district. 断绝旧关系 (例如离开一个地区时) 。 |
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