(1)(询)问(try to get an answer to (a question))[I，I+prep(about)，T+n，T+n+prep(about)，D+n+n，D+n+prep(of)，T+wh，T+wh-inf，D+n+wh，D+n+wh-inf]：You must～if you don't understand.你如果不懂，就应该问。I asked him.我问过他。～(sb) about the trains/sb's work/sb's intention/sb's health/sb 问(某人)火车的车次/某人的工作情况/某人的意向/某人的身体状况/某人的情况;～(sb) sb's name/sb's whereabouts/the time/the price/directions/the way/a question 问(某人)某人的名字/某人的下落/时间/价钱/方向/路/问题;～the way of a passer-by/a question of a teacher (fml)向路人问路/向老师问问题;～(sb)what one should do next/why she was crying问(某人)下一步怎么办/她为什么哭;～(sb)what to do next/where to go 问(某人)下一步怎么办/去哪里;〖同〗inquire，enquire，question，interrogate;〖反〗answer，inform;

(2)请(要)求(make a request for or to)[I+prep(for)，T+n+prep(for)，T+n+prep(of)，T+n，C+n+to-inf，T+to-inf，T+that(should)，T+wh，D+n+wh]：～(sb)for advice/a(pay)raise/justice/money/water/help/a bike/information(向某人)征求意见/要求涨工资/讨公道/要钱/要水/请求帮助/要一辆自行车/打听消息;～a favour/rather a lot of sb请求某人帮助/向某人要求太多;～the blessing of God 请求上帝赐福;～a favour/leave/too much/a little silence请求得到帮助/要求离开/要求太多/要求稍微安静点;～sb's advice/sb's opinion/sb's views/sb's suggestion征求某人的意见/意见/看法/建议;～sb's permission请求某人允许;～sb to speak to sb else/to help one/to allow one to go 请求某人和……说话/帮助自己/允许自己走;～to speak to sb/to be allowed to go/for the door to be closed 请求和某人说话/允许走/关门;～that one(should/may)be allowed to go/the door (should) be closed/sb (should) leave at once 请求允许走/关门/某人马上离开;〖同〗request;〖反〗grant，give，refuse，reject，deny;

(3)邀请(invite)[T+n+prep(to/for)，T+n+adv，C+n+to-inf]： ～sb to (for) dinner/tea 邀请某人吃饭/喝茶;～sb to one's house/to the party/into the room 邀请某人到家里去/参加聚会/进屋;～sb out/in/up/down/over/round(for the evening/for a drink)邀请某人出去/进来/上楼/下楼/过来/过来(度过晚上时光/喝一杯);～sb to come to dinner/ to go out for a drink 邀请某人来吃饭/出去喝一杯;〖同〗invite;〖反〗refuse，decline，reject;

(4)要价(charge)[T+n，T+n+prep(for)]：You're～ing too much.你要价太高。What price are they～ing? 他们索价多少?～a reasonable price 要价合理;～a lot of money for the house/$100 a month rent for that flat/$50 for that old watch 那房子的要价很高/那个单元每月租金要100美元/那块旧表要价50美元;〖同〗charge，demand，claim;〖反〗offer，pay;

(5)需要(demand;require)[T+n，T+n+prep(of)]：The job～s patience/a great deal of you.这个工作需要耐心/对你要求很高。This is～ing too much of a child.这对一个小孩来说要求太高了。

ask for trouble/it 自找苦吃(麻烦)(infml)：Climbing mountains in misty weather is really～ing for trouble.雾天爬山简直是自找苦吃。

for the asking 只要张口(要求)：The bike is yours for the～ing.只要你张口，这自行车就归你了。

ask after (v prep)问候……的身体状况(vt)：She～ed after her father in her letters.她在信中问候她父亲。

ask for 要求会见(与……说话)：He is very ill and keeps～ing for his daughter.他病得很重，不断地要求见他女儿。

【辨异】 1)ask与inquire(=enquire)和question及interrogate都有“问”的意思。ask是最普通用词;inquire和enquire是一个字的不同拼法，用于较正式的场合，且总是指特别的询问，如：inquire about a rumour(查问谣言);question和interrogate指多次反复地问，常指法律方面的审问，如：question/interrogate a prisoner 审问囚犯;2) ask，request与beg都有“请求”的意思。ask是最常用词，且用于非正式场合，可译为“请求”;request主要用于正式场合或书面语及布告中，常用于被动式，表示客气和正式的请求，如：Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke.(恳请乘客们不要吸烟。)beg是谦恭卑下地请求，即 “恳求”，如：He begged her to forgive him.(他恳求她饶恕。)还有plead，表示迫切地、持续地“恳求，乞求”，如：Plead with sb to show some pity(恳求某人怜悯)。还有entreat和implore这两个字语气更强，比 beg更客气，且语体色彩递次更正式;implore表示苦苦地“恳求，哀求”;entreat表示苦苦地、固执地“恳求”，如：He entreated/implored her not to desert him.(他乞求她不要遗弃他。)