v (1) 使人产生不快的感觉(have an unpleasant sound or effect)[I，I+ prep(on)]：make～red sound 产生刺耳的声音;～on sb's ears/nerves 刺激某人的耳朵/神经;

(2)震(摇)动，撞击(并使感到刺痛)(shake or shock (and give pain))[T+n]：～a city/sb's table 使城市/某人的桌子震动;～every bone in sb's body 使某人身上的每根骨头都感到震痛;be badly～red by the blow 受这一击而感到十分疼痛;The news visibly～red her. 显然那消息使她震惊。〖同〗shake，rock，stir;〖反〗calm，quiet;

(3)不一致，不和谐(clash，conflict or disagree)[I，I+prep(with)]：The two colours～. 两种颜色不协调。～ring opinions/comments 不一致的意见/评论;(comment)～with the friendly tone of the meeting(评论)与会议的友好气氛不协调;

jar against/on (v prep) 因撞击而发出的刺耳声(vt)：The chalk～red against the blackboard.(书写时)粉笔在黑板上摩擦发出吱吱的声响。

n(1)刺耳的声响(unpleasant sound)[C，sing]：the～of the alarm/the explosion 闹钟的刺耳铃声/刺耳的爆炸声;a grinding～刺耳的吱吱嘎嘎声;

(2)突然的震动(sudden unpleasant shock)[C，sing]：feel a～感到突如其来的震动;a nasty～剧烈的震荡;〖同〗crash;

(3)震惊，刺激(unpleasant effect upon the mind or feelings)[C]：a～on sb's nerve 使某人神经不安;〖同〗shake