v (1)锤击，敲打(hit，beat，break sth with a hammer or sth like it)[I，I+adv，T+n]：stop～ing 停止敲打;hear sb～ing away 听见某人在敲击;～a picture hook 敲一个挂图片的钩子;～a nail (a hook) in(to) the wall/the wood 把钉子(钩子)钉到墙/木头上;

(2)不断地使劲敲击(hit sth repeatedly，loudly)[I+prep (at/on)，I+adv (away)prep (at)]：～at the door/the keys敲门/琴键;～on a table with one's fist用拳头敲打桌子;～away at sb's head连敲某人的头;

(3)使惨败(beat，defeat sb severely (physically，in a game，etc))[T+n](infml)：～the other team/one's opponents彻底击败另一队/自己的对手;The bully～ed the little boy. 暴徒殴打那个小男孩。Our team was～ed 1：3. 我队以1比3败北。

hammer away at (v adv prep)努力(vt)：～away at a chemistry problem/a thesis/the lesson钻研一个化学问题/埋头写论文/学习一课书;

hammer down/off (v adv) 砸下(掉)(vt)：～the cover/the door down把盖子/门砸下来;

hammer out (v adv) 1)锤(砸)平(vt)：～out the damaged part in the fender把挡泥板上损坏的部分锤平;2)想出，努力做成(vt)：～out an agreement/a contract/a compromise settlement经过反复讨论达成一项协议/合同/妥协的解决办法;

hammer sth flat/straight锤平(直)：～the metal flat把金属锤平;

hammer home 强调(vt)：～home (to sb) the problems/message/need for action向某人强调这些问题/这个信息/采取行动的必要性;

hammer sth into sb反复灌输(讲)：～the rules (the ideas/the common sense) into sb/sb's head给某人反复讲这些规则(想法/常识);try to～sb into the importance of writing clearly/the danger of failing the examinations 极力反复向某人灌输书写要清楚的重要性/考试不及格的危险性;

hammer sth into sth 1)把……钉进……：～a nail/a peg into a wall/the ground把钉子/木钉钉进墙/地里;2)打(做)成;～metal/copper into ornaments/pots把金属/铜打成装饰品/锅;

→′hammering n击打(尤指用锤子的)声音;彻底的失败;

n (1)锤子(tool with a handle and a metal head for hitting nails into wood，breaking things， etc)[C]：strike with a～用锤子敲打;～and sickle(代表产业工人和农民的)锤子镰刀图案(用作前苏联国徽);

(2)音锤(piece of wood or metal in a piano that hits a string and so makes a musical note)[C];

(3)(体育)链球(in sport，a metal ball on a long handle for throwing)[C，the～]：He throws the～as a hobby. 他掷链球是一种嗜好。

go at it/each other hammer and tongs 撕打;激烈争吵：Helen and Mary have been arguing all day， and now they are going at it～and tongs again. 海伦和玛丽已经争吵一天了，现在她们又在争论不休。

go/come under the hammer被拍卖：The picture I wanted to bid on came under the～soon after I arrived.我到达后不久，我要喊价的那幅画就被拍卖了。