上shànɡ

Ⅰ  ❶ （位置在高处的） upper; up; upward: ～ 铺 upper berth; ～ 身 the upper part of the body; 往 ～ 看 look up [upward]; 这头朝 ～ this side up
❷ （等级或品质高的） higher ; superior; better: 犯 ～ go against one's superiors; 向 ～ 反映情况 report the situation to the higher organization; 中 ～ 水平 above the average; better than the average; 这个词是旧时下对 ～ 的称呼。 This word was used in the old days to address one's superiors.
❸ （次序或时间在前的） first (part); preceding; previous: 二十世纪 ～ 半叶 the first half of the twentieth century; ～ 半年 the first half of the year; ～ 册 the first volume; Volume One; Book One; ～ 集 the first part; Part One; Volume One; ～ 星期三 last Wednesday; ～ 一段 the preceding [above; foregoing] paragraph; ～ 一季度 the previous quarter
❹ （旧时指皇帝） the emperor: ～ 谕 imperial decree
❺ {音} (中国民族音乐音节上的一级， 乐谱上用做记音符号， 相当于简谱的“1”) a note of the scale in gongchepu （工尺谱） , corresponding to 1 in numbered musical notation
❻ {语} （上声） falling-rising tone, one of the four tones in classical Chinese and the third tone in modern standard Chinese pronunciation
❼ （姓氏） a surname: ～ 之登 Shang Zhideng Ⅱ  ❶ (由低处到 高处) go up; mount; board; get on: ～ 岸 go ashore; go on shore; land; ～ 船 go aboard a ship; go on board; ～ 飞机 board a plane; ～ 公共汽车 get on a bus; ～ 楼 go upstairs; ～ 坡 go up a slope; ～ 山 go up a hill; go uphill; ～ 自行车 get on a bike; 逆流而 ～ go upstream; go against the current
❷ (到； 去) go to; leave for: ～ 北京 leave for Beijing; 你 ～ 哪儿去？ Where are you going? 我要 ～ 医院去看望我的哥哥。 I'm going to the hospital to see my elder brother.
❸ （呈递） submit; send in; present: 李小红谨 ～ Yours respectfully, Li Xiaohong; 随函附 ～ 20分邮票一张。 Enclosed herewith is a twenty-fen stamp.
❹ （向前进） forge ahead; go ahead: 见困难就 ～， 见荣誉就让 dash forward where there are difficulties to overcome and draw back when honours are to be conferred; take the difficulties for oneself and leave the honours to others; 快 ～， 投篮 ! Go ahead. Quick! Shoot!
❺ {戏} （出场） appear on the stage; enter: 2战士左 ～。 Enter left two soldiers.
❻ {体} （上场） enter the court or field: 换人： 3号下， 4号 ～。 Substitution: Player No. 4 for No. 3. 这后半场你 ～。 You play this second half.
❼ (添补； 增加； 摆出) fill; supply; serve: 给水箱 ～ 水 fill the tank with water; ～ 货 replenish the stock of goods; 汤先 ～。 Soup is first served. 一连 ～ 了好几道菜。 Several courses were served in succession.
❽ （安装） place sth. in position; set; fix: ～ 玻璃 fix the window [door] pane; ～ 刀具 fix a cutting tool; ～ 梁 set the roof beams in place; 工件已经 ～ 了车床。 The workpiece is already on the lathe. 麦秸正在 ～ 垛。 The wheat stalks are being stacked. 门没 ～ 锁。 The door isn't locked.
❾ (涂； 搽) apply; paint; smear: 给机器 ～ 油 oil [grease] the machine; 给门 ～ 漆 paint the door; ～ 色 paint; apply colour; ～ 药膏 apply ointment
❿ （登载） be put on record; be carried (in a publication): 她的名字 ～ 了报。 Her name has appeared on the newspaper. 他的先进事迹都 ～ 了电视了。 His model deeds have been publicized on TV.
⓫. （拧紧） wind; screw; tighten: 表该 ～ 了。The watch needs winding. 螺丝没有 ～ 紧。 The screw hasn't been tightened.
⓬ （进行工作或学习） be engaged (in work, study, etc.) at a fixed time: ～ 工 [课] go to work [class]; 她的女儿在 ～ 大学。 Her daughter is now in college. 我今天 ～ 夜班。 I'm on the night shift today.
⓭ (达到； 够) up to; as many as: ～ 百人 up to a hundred people; ～ 万 as many as ten thousand
另见 see also shǎnɡ; shɑnɡ。
◆上岸 ashore; debarkation; disem bark; land; go ashore；
上班 go to work; start work; be on duty；
上板铺 upper bunk；
上半场 first half (of a game)；
上半晌 forenoon; morning；
上半身 the upper part of the body; above the waist；
上半天 forenoon; morning；
上半夜 before midnight; the first half of the night；
上报 appear in the newspapers; report to a higher body; report to the leadership；
上报审批 send up... to the higher level for approval; submit to a higher level for examination and approval；
上辈 ancestors; the elder generation of one's family; one's elders；
上辈子 ancestors; previous existence；
上臂 the upper arm；
上边 anadrome side; top; above; over; upper；
上膘 become fat; fatten；
上宾 distinguished guest; guest of honour；
上病下取[治] {中医} treating disease in the upper part by managing the lower；
上膊 upper arm；
上不封顶， 下不保底 impose “no ceiling or lower limit” (as far as bonuses are concerned); no ceiling above, no protection below；
上不着天， 下不着地 have nothing to hang on to above and no solid ground to rest one's feet on below; be held in suspense; not to be on solid ground; touch neither the sky nor the ground — be suspended in midair；
上部 headpiece; ridge；
上苍 Heaven; God；
上操 go out to drill; be drilling；
上策 the best plan; the best way out; the best thing to do; the best policy; the optimal policy; first choice；
上层 upper strata; upper levels; superstratum; hanging side; overstory; 上层建筑 superstructure; top-out；
上谄下骄 fawn upon one's superiors and look down upon those below; flatter those in high position and despise those of lower ranks；
上场 appear on the stage; enter; enter the court or field; join in a contest; take part in the competition；
上朝 go to court; hold court；
上乘 {佛教} Mahayana; Great Vehicle; a work of a high order；
上船 boarding; embark；
上床 bedward; go to bed；
上唇 upper lip; anocheilon; anochilos; supralabial; labrum (pl. labra) （昆虫）; epichilium; epichil; epichile；
上簇 mount cocooning frame；
上窜下跳 run clandestine errands up and down the line; run around on sinister errands；
上达 reach the higher authorities；
上代 the previous generation; former generations；
上当 be taken in; be fooled; be duped; be tricked; bite at a bait; play into someone's hands；
上当受骗 swallow a gudgeon; be tricked; be duped and misled in; be gypped by a swindler; be hoodwinked and misled; be put upon (by sb.); be taken in；
上导数 upper derivate；
上灯 light the lamp; light up；
上等 first-class; first-rate; superior；
上低音号 {音} baritone；
上第 [书] first-class; first-rate; superior；
上帝 God；
上吊 hang oneself；
上冻 freeze; get frozen；
上端 top; upper extreme; upper end; upper edge；
上颚 the upper jaw; the roof of the mouth; the palate; supramaxilla; roof; maxilla (of a mammal); mandible （昆虫）; mandibul-; mandibulo-; mandibuli-；上方 superja￣ cent; above；
上方宝剑 the imperial sword；
上房 main rooms；
上访 apply for an audience with the higher authorities to appeal for help; meet with the higher authorities; appeal to the higher authorities for help；
上飞机 boarding; embark; embarkation；
上坟 visit sb.'s grave; visit a grave to honour the memory of the dead；
上峰 [旧] the higher authorities; official superiors；
上风 windward; advantage; superior position; upper hand; {气} uptake; upcast；
上浮 come-up; float; increase; go up；
上纲 raise to the higher plane of principle; {渔} headline; head rope；
上告 complain to the higher authorities or appeal to a higher court；
上工 go to work; start work; {中医} shanggong; superior medical worker；
上供 offer up a sacrifice; lay offerings on the altar；
上钩 rise to the bait; swallow the bait; get hooked; fall into a trap；
上古 {地} palaeoid; ancient times; remote ages；
上光 lustering; glazing; polishing; ferrotype; seasoning；
上轨道 get on the right track; begin to work smoothly; be well under way；
上海 Shanghai；
上好 first-class; best-quality; tip-top；
上和下睦 Those who are above and those who are below are all on good terms.；
上颌 maxillary; upper mandible; {生理} the upper jaw; maxilla；
上呼吸道 {生理} the upper respiratory tract；
上火 [方] get angry; get inflamed; {中医} suffer from excessive internal heat；
上货 exhibit goods；
上级 higher level; higher-ups; higher authorities; in higher position of responsibility; Good Middling；
上家 the person on one's right when playing cards or playing a drinkers' wager game;[方] supplier 上尖儿 [口] pile up to such an extent as to form a pointed top；
上浆 {纺} sizing; starching; dressing；
上江 the upper Changjiang region；
上将 general; air chief marshal; admiral；
上焦 {中医} upper-jiao; upper warmer; upper heater；
上胶 sizing treatment; surface sizing; coating；
上交 hand in; turn over to the higher authorities；
上缴 turn over (revenues, etc.) to the higher authorities; turn in sth. to a higher level；
上街 go into the street; go shopping；
上界 upper bound；
上届 previous term or session; last；
上进 go forward; make progress；
上进心 desire to advance; the desire to do better; the urge for improvement；
上劲 energetically; with gusto; with great vigour；
上客 the most honoured or esteemed guest；
上课 attend class; go to class; conduct a class; give a lesson；
上空 in the sky; overhead; midair; high up in the air；
上口 be able to read aloud fluently; be suitable for reading aloud; make smooth reading; {林} back cut; felling cut; falling cut；
上蜡 {纺} waxing；
上来 begin; start；
上来 come up；
上联 the first line of a couplet on a scroll；
上梁 cross bar; top tube; top bar; upper beam；
上梁不正下梁歪 If the upper beam is not straight, the lower ones will go aslant.; A crooked stick will have a crooked shadow.; Fish begins to stink at the head.; If a leader sets a bad example, it will be followed by his subordinates.; When those above behave unworthily, those below will do the same.；
上列 the above-listed; the above；
上流 upper reaches (of a river); belonging to the upper circles; upper-class；
上路 set out on a journey; start off；
上马 mount a horse; （口令）To horse! start; make a start on；
上门 come or go to see sb.; call; drop in; visit; shut the door for the night; bolt the door；
上门服务 make house calls; 上面 above; over; on top of; on the surface of; above-mentioned; aforesaid; foregoing; the higher authorities; the higher-ups; aspect; respect; regard；
上年 last year；
上年纪 be getting on in years；
上盘 {矿} hanging side; hanging wall; upper case；
上皮 epithele; epithelium; epithelio-; epithel-；上品 highest grade; top grade；
上坡 upslope; uphill; ascent；
上坡路 uphill road; upward slope; upward trend;steady progress；
上铺 upper berth; upper；
上气不接下气 be out of breath; pant for breath; gasp for breath；
上情下达 transmit an order from above; What is going on at higher levels is made known to lower levels.；
上去 go up; upward；
上圈套 swallow the bait; fall into a trap; be caught in a net；
上染率 dye-uptake；
上任 take up an official post; assume office；
上色 best-quality; top-grade；
上色 colour (a picture, map, etc.)；
上山 go up the mountain [hill]；上山下乡 go to the mountainous areas and the countryside; go and work in the countryside and mountain areas; go to the mountainous and rural areas; settle in the rural areas [the countryside]; go on trips to hilly and rural areas；
上上 the very best; before last；
上上下下 from cellar to garret; from garret to kitchen; from top to bottom；
上身 the upper part of the body; upper outer garment; shirt; blouse; jacket; start wearing；
上声 {语} falling-rising tone；
上升 rise; go up; ascend；
上士 sergeant first class （美陆军）; staff sergeant （英陆军）; petty officer first class （美海军）; chief petty officer （英海军）; technical sergeant （美空军）; flight sergeant （英空军）；上市 go [appear] on the market; be in season；
上市公司 listed company; 上市证券 listed securities; 上手 left-hand seat; seat of honour; start; begin；
上手发球 tennis-style serve; overhead serve；
上首 the left-hand seat；
上书 submit a written statement to a higher authority; send in a memorial；
上述 above-mentioned; aforementioned; as said or narrated above; aforesaid；
上闩 up latch；
上水 sail upstream；
上税 pay taxes；
上司 superior; boss；
上溯 sail upstream; trace back to；
上诉 {律} appeal (to a higher court); lodge an appeal; institute an appeal；
上算 paying; worthwhile；
上台 go up onto the platform; appear on the stage; assume power; come [rise] to power; in charge; take up an official post；
上台阶 top bar；
上台盘 be able to behave well in public；
上台掌权 come to power；
上膛 {军} be loaded; chambering；
上套 fall into a trap；
上体 [书] the upper part of the body；
上天 Heaven; Providence; God; go up to the sky; fly sky-high；
上天无路， 入地无门 There is no road to heaven and no door into the earth — in desperate straits; at the end of one's rope; can neither fly up to the sky nor hide underground.; nowhere to turn.; There is no path to Heaven one can go, no door to Earth that one can enter.；
上投 upcast; upthrow；
上头 leading body at a higher level; at the top of；
上吐下泻 vomit and have watery stools; vomiting and being purged; vomiting and diarrhea；
上尉 captain (陆军、 美空军); lieutenant （海军）; flight lieutenant （英空军）；上文 foregoing paragraphs or chapters; preceding part of the text；
上无古人， 下无来者 no ancients in the past, no posterity to come；
上午 forenoon; morning; ante meridiem (a.m.); ante prandium；
上西天 go to Western Paradise; kick the bucket；
上下 high and low; old and young; from top to bottom; up and down; go up and down; relative superiority or inferiority; about; or so; or thereabouts；
上下打量 stare at sb. up and down; eye [survey] sb. from head to toe; look sb. over from head to foot; look sb. up and down; scrutinize [examine; measure] sb. from head to foot; size sb. up from head to toe；
上下文 context; {计} context；
上下一（条）心 Both the higher and lower levels are united as one.; The leadership and the rank and file are of one mind.；
上弦 {天} first quarter (of the moon); wind up a clock or watch; principal rafter；
上限 superior limit; upper limit; upper bound; toplimit；
上香 go to a temple to pray；
上相 come out well in a photograph; be photogenic；
上校 colonel (陆军、 美空军); captain （海军）; group captain （英空军）; 上鞋 sole a shoe; stitch the sole to the upper；
上新世 Pliocene epoch；
上行 {铁道} up; upgoing; {航运} upriver; upstream；
上行下效 People follow the example of their superiors.; If a leader sets an example, it will be followed by his subordinates [his subordinates will follow suit].; The inferiors imitate the superiors.; Those below follow the example of those above.; Those in subordinate positions will follow the example set by their superiors.；
上旋 {乒乓球} top spin；
上学 go to school; attend school; be at school；
上旬 the first ten-day period of a month；
上压力 {物} upward pressure；
上演 put on the stage; perform; give a public performance; on show；
上夜 [旧] be on night duty；
上衣 upper outer garment; jacket; waist; lap；
上一个新台阶 upgrade; attain a new height; stand on a higher level; 上议院 upper house; the House of Lords (of Britain)；
上瘾 be addicted (to sth.); get into the habit (of doing sth.)；
上映 show (a film); screen; be on; run；
上游 head waters; upstream; upper reaches; advanced position；
上有天堂， 下有苏杭 There is Paradise above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below.；
上有政策， 下有对策 The higher authorities have policies, the localities have their counter-measures.；
上谕 imperial edict；
上院 upper house; the House of Lords；
上涨 rise; go up；
上帐 make an entry in an account book; enter sth. in an account；
上阵 go into battle; pitch into the work；
上肢 upper limb；
上中农 upper-middle peasant；
上装 make up (for a theatrical performance); [方] upper outer garment; jacket；
上座 seat of honour; customers begin to come into theatre, restaurant, etc.