n (1) 外形(貌)，形状，体态(external appearance of a clearly defined area;outward visible appearance of sb) [C，U]：in the～of a cross/a mountain/the squares 十字状/山形/方形;In～，the machine is something like a spinning-wheel. 从外形上看，这台机器有点像手纺车;geometric～s 几何图形;the human～人的形体;sb's slumber-ing/well-proportioned/graceful～某人睡眠的样子/匀称的体态/优雅的体态;〖同〗shape，outline，figure，pattern，formation，structure，style;

(2) 表现形式(与内容相对) (general arrangement，structure that affects the result，shape of sth) [U]：music in concerto/sonata～协奏/奏鸣曲;literary～文学形式;You paint well，but your work lacks～. 你画得很好，但你的作品缺乏表现形式。What～does this illness take? 这病有什么症状?〖同〗system，structure，arrangement，order;

(3) (语法)词的变化形式((grammar) shape of word as it occurs in a specific context) [C，U]：singular/plural inflected～s 单数/复数/曲折变化形式;

(4) 形式(态)，种类，制度(particular condition，character or mode in which sth appears;system) [C][N (of)]：write a novel in the～of a diary/a letter 以日记/书信的形式写一部小说;take the～of lectures/private talks 采取讲座/私下交谈的方式;～of art/ceremony艺术/典礼的形式;never touch alcohol/never like exercise in any～从不沾任何种类的酒/从不喜欢任何方式的运动;(ant) be a～of insect (蚂蚁)是昆虫类; be a～of the pea family 是豌豆科植物;different～s of government 不同的政治制度;〖同〗aspect，type，kind，sort，class;

(5) 健康或竞技状态(fitness with regard to health or training) [U]：study the sportsman's/the horse's～研究运动员的竞技状态/研究马的健康状况;a tennis player in excellent/good/top/peak～一名处在极佳/良好/最高/最高竞技状态的网球运动员;in/out of～(运动员等)竞技状态好/不佳;〖同〗shape，fitness;

(6) 心情，情绪(mood) [U] (infml)：be in fine/good～at the party 在晚会上心情很好;I wasn't in～so I played very badly. 我情绪不好，所以弹得非常糟糕。

(7) 行为，礼貌(conventional behavior) [U]：ask sb's name/shake sb's hands/invite sb as a matter of～出于礼貌而问某人的名字/和某人握手/邀请某人;It's not good～to interrupt others/to whisper in the presence of others. 打断别人的讲话/在别人面前窃窃私语是不礼貌的。〖同〗way，manner，behavior，habit;

(8) 表格(document with blanks that are to be filled in) [C]：fill in/up/out an application～填一张申请表;a～of income-tax/receipt 所得税单据/收据单;telegraph～s 电报单;

(9) (英国中学及美国某些私立学校的)年级(grade or class of pupils in British secondary schools and in certain American private schools) [C]：What～is Mary in? She's in the fifth～. 玛丽读几年级?她读五年级。〖同〗grade;

→ -former (构成合成词)……年级学生;′formless adj 无形状的，杂乱的;′formlessness n 无形状;formal adj 正式(规)的;

v (1) 1) (形、构)成(make into the shape of sth or produce) [T+n，T+n+prep (from)]：～steam 形成蒸汽;Water～s rust on certain metals. 水在某些金属上面生成水锈。～clay into a figure 用泥土围成一个塑像;～a circle with the matches 用火柴围成一圆圈;～a figure/a bowl from clay 用泥土做一个塑像/碗;The sofa is～ed of three separate sections. 这套沙发由三个单件组成。〖同〗shape，pattern，construct，structure，make; 2) 成……形状(become a certain shape) [L+n]：Just before water boils，little bubbles begin to～around the pot. 水即将沸腾时，在壶的周围开始形成小水泡。〖同〗develop，constitute，compose;

(2) 构成……形式(produce (sth) by adding certain elements) [T+n]：～a sentence without a verb 造了一个没有动词的句子;“Man”～s its plural by the change of “a” to “e”. 把Man 中的字母“a”改成“e”构成了Man 的复数。

(3) 1) 使成立(存在)，组织(develop;organize) [T+n，T+n+prep(from)]：～a students' association/a society/a club/a company/a committee 组织一个学生协会/社团/俱乐部/公司/委员会;～the government mainly from young men 建立一个主要由年轻人组成的政府;～a plan/an idea/an impression/a judgment/an opinion(fig) 想出一个计划/想出一个主意/产生一种印象/形成一种判断/形成一个想法;2) 产生，成形(come into or cause to come into being;appear) [I]：Buds～in the spring. 春天的时候，幼芽长出来了。Ice～s. 结冰了。Clouds～. 云团形成了。

(4) 编(排)成(organize or arrange (oneself or other people) into a particular order) [I+prep (into)，T+n，T+n+prep(into)]：～(into) a line/a chain/two groups 排成一队/排成一列/编成两组;Long queues had～ed. 排成了长队。Join hands and～a circle. 拉起手，排成一个圆圈。～the children into three groups 把孩子们编成三组;The men～ed themselves into a line. 这些人自动排成一行。～up 排队，排成队形;

(5)培养，训练(develop，instruct or train sb/sth) [T+n]：a character～ed by strict discipline/from an early age 由严格的纪律训练出来的/早期形成的性格;～a relationship/friendship 建立一种关系/友谊;～good/bad habits 养成良好/不良的习惯;～the habit of taking long solitary walks 养成单独走远路的习惯;～a child's character/minds 培养孩子的品性/思维(能力);

(6) 组(构)成，作为(……的一员或一部分) (make up，constitute) [L+n]：Five colleges～ed the university. 五所学院组成这所大学。Three rivers～Missouri. 三条支流汇聚而成密苏里河。These ideas～the basis of our five-year plan. 这些想法是我们五年计划的基础。 The anatomy lectures～part of the medical course. 这些解剖学讲座是医学课程的一部分。

→for′mation n 构(组)成;′formative adj 形成的，构成的