n (1) 锻炼，训练 (training or use (esp of the body) through action or effort)[U]：～of the body/mind 进行身体/思维训练; be short of～缺少锻炼; advise sb to get/to take physical～s建议某人进行身体训练; E～makes one strong/stimulates the flow of blood. 锻炼可以使人强壮/促进血液流动。Swimming is an excellent～/one of the healthiest forms of～. 游泳是一项极好的锻炼/最有益的锻炼形式之一。 Walking gives the body/the mind some～s. 散步能使身体/身心得到一定的训练。〖同〗 workout; 〖反〗 inactivity，idleness;

(2) 练习，习题，功课 (lesson，problem，task，etc designed to develop or improve understanding or skill) [C]：daily/routine～每天/日常的练习; do one's～s 做功课;voice/keep-fit/vocabulary～s 声音/健美/词汇训练(练习);～s in spelling/for the violin 拼写/小提琴练习;set a math～for homework 留数学的家庭作业;～book 练习本;〖同〗 practice，training，schooling;

(3) 运用，行使，实(执)行(fulfillment or performance of (a duty，office，function) [U]：the～of one's official duties/one's rights/one's patience/the imagination/the will power 执行公务/行使权利/保持耐心/发挥想象力/运用意志力; Safety requires the～of care. 安全需要小心谨慎。The～of caution is necessary when operating a machine. 操作机器时要小心翼翼。〖同〗use，practice，employment，utilization，application，performance;〖反〗avoidance，ignoring，overlooking;

(4) 演习;操练 (a series of tasks，operations，etc for training soldiers) [C，常pl]：field/military～(s) 野外/军事演习;go on a training～参加演习;The soldiers are on/were sent for an～in the mountains. 战士们正在/被派到山里演习。〖同〗 practice，training，drill;

(5) 典礼，仪式 (ceremony with speeches，awards，etc)[pl]：graduation/opening～s毕业典礼(日)/开幕式; 〖同〗ceremony;

v (1) 练习，锻炼 (do exercise，esp that which involves exertion) [I]：I～every morning/twice a day/for an hour daily. 我每天早晨/两次/一小时锻炼身体。He's not～ing enough. 他锻炼得不够。〖同〗 develop;

(2) 训练，锻炼 (train or give exercise to) [T+n，T+n+prep(in)]：～troops/one's stiff muscles/the voice 训练部队/锻炼僵硬的肌肉/训练声音;～one's fingers to strengthen them for playing the piano 锻炼手指以便更有力地弹奏钢琴;Horses should be～d regularly. 需要对马匹进行不断的训练。～oneself in bayoneting 练习刺杀; 〖同〗 train，drill，tutor，teach;

(3) 运(使)用，实(执，履)行，行使(权利，职权等) (put into play or operation，use)[T+n]：～one's rights as a citizen 行使公民权;～patience/intelligence/judgment/control/freedom of speech/power (authority over sb)/influence (pressure) on sb/restraint in eating 运用忍耐力/运用智慧/运用判断力/实行控制/行使言论自由的权利/(对某人)运用权力/对某人施加影响(压力)/节制饮食; 〖同〗 perform，execute，discharge，use，utilize，employ，apply，practice，exert; 〖反〗 avoid，ignore，overlook;

(4) (使)担忧，烦恼，操心 (cause anxiety to) [T+n，通常pass] (fml)： be～d about the future of one's child/about what should be done 为孩子的前程/如何行事操心(烦恼); When I failed in the exams，I was greatly～d. 几门考试没能及格，我非常烦恼。The problem has been～ing us/our minds for a long time. 那个问题已经使我们烦恼/使我们心绪烦乱很长时间了。

→′exerci͵ser n 锻炼者，受训练者;行使职权的人;͵exerci′tation n 实习，训练;

【辨异】exercise与drill²和practice的区别见DRILL。