(1) 建(成，设)立 (begin or set up as a business; found; create) [T+n]：～a business/a state/the rule 开商店/建立一个国家/订制度;～a close relationship with sb/diplomatic relations with a country 与某人建立亲密的关系/与某国建立外交关系; How long has the firm been～ed? 那家公司成立多长时间了? 〖同〗 found，form，organize，create，start，begin，open; 〖反〗 close，dissolve，destroy;

(2) 使处于(某种地位)，使立足于(place or settle firmly in a position; gain recognition for) [T+n 仅 pass，T+n+prep(as/in)，C+n+as]：be～ed in a different job/in a new house/in New York as a physician 在另外一种工作中站住了脚/在一所新房子里安居/定居纽约，靠行医立足;～sb/oneself in trade/in business as a jeweler 使某人/自己从事贸易/做生意/当珠宝商;A new doctor has～ed himself on this street. 一个新医生在这条街上开业了。〖同〗 install，settle，situate，fix; 〖反〗 uproot，unsettle;

(3) 确立，证实 (prove the truth of a belief，claim，etc) [T+n，T+that，T+wh，T+wh+to-inf]：～the fact/one's credit/a scientific law 确立事实/确立信誉/证实科学定律; The police～ed his guilt/that he was guilty. 警察证实了他的罪行/他有罪。He～ed his innocence by showing that he was in another city when the theft was committed. 他以窃案发生时身处另一城市的事实证明自己无罪。His honesty is well～ed. 他的诚实已得到充分的证明。After investigation it was～ed that this temple was built by Kublai Kan. 经过调查，证明那座庙宇是忽必烈汗建造的。They can't～what he was doing at that time. 他们无法证明他当时正在干什么。〖同〗 prove，show，confirm，verify，justify; 〖反〗 disprove，deny;

(4) 使(风俗，权力等) 被永久性地接受或承认(cause to be accepted and used for a long time) [T+n，C+n+as]：～a custom/his claim to the estate 接受一种习俗/承认他对房产的权利;～her fame as an actress (使人们)承认她的演艺声望;

→es′tablishable adj 可以建(确)立的;es′tablisher n 创建者;es′tablished adj 已确(建)立的;es′tablishment n 建(设)立

【辨异】establish与fix和settle均可表示使某人或某物固定或稳固在某个位置上。establish (建立，设立)通常指牢固或永久性地建(设)立某个团体，公司等，如：establish a business (设立一家公司); fix 通常强调将某物牢牢地固定在某个位置或地点等，并使之不易改变或移动，如：We fixed the pole in the ground. (我们将杆子固定在地上。)settle (最终或满意地安排好某事)则表示使某人或某事处于稳定或永久的地位或状况，如：settle a young man in a trade (使年轻人从事某个职业)。