n(1)警报(warning of approaching danger)[C]：give/raise/sound the～发警报;There were no～s during the night.夜里没响警报。a fire～火警;a false～假警报;虚惊;evacuate a building at the first～一听到警报就撤离大楼;an～clock/system 闹表/警报系统;〖同〗warning;

(2)警报器(铃，钟)(any apparatus that gives a warning of danger)[C]：Where's the fire/burglar～? 火警/防盗报警器在哪儿? The～went off.报警器响起来了。

(3)闹钟(clock that can be set to make a noise so as to wake a person at a particular time)[C]：set the～(or～clock) at five把闹钟对在5点上;

(4)惊慌(恐)(sudden feeling of fear and anxiety caused by a sense of danger)[U]：take/feel～at sth 因……吃惊;jump up/look round/run/ask in～惊恐地跳起来/环顾四周/跑/问;fill sb with～使某人惊恐不安;share sb's～与某人一起吃惊;respond with～to the news 听到那消息的反应是惊恐不安;There's no cause for～.毫无惊慌的理由。〖同〗fear，fright，panic，terror，horror;〖反〗calmness，coolness;

vt(1)使惊慌(恐惧)，惊吓(make sb suddenly afraid and anxious)[T+n]：The noise of shot/sight of smoke/idea～ed him.枪声/烟火的景象/那想法使他吓了一跳。Even little things/The least sound～s the old lady.即使是小事情/一点点小声音也会吓着那老太太。be～ed at the news/by a sudden outbreak of the disease/(to hear) that sb is leaving 对那消息/由于疾病的突然发作/因(听说)某人要走了而感到惊慌;〖同〗frighten，scare，terrify;〖反〗calm;

(2)使警觉(give a warning of danger to)[T+n];

→ a′larming adj 使人惊恐不安的;a′larmingly adv 惊人地;a′larmist n 神经质的人;

【辨异】1)名词fear与dread、alarm、fright、panic、terror和horror都表示因面临危险和灾难等而产生的惧怕感情。fear(害怕)最常用，程度最轻，指对所经历的、引起惧怕的事物的态度，可以是轻微的担心或胆小，也可是较强烈的惧怕，如：fear of falling(害怕掉下去);dread(恐惧)指对预料要发生的、与其说可怕倒不如说讨厌的事情的态度，如：have a dread of hospitals(惧怕医院);alarm比fear语体色彩较正式，但几乎和fear一样，可指轻微的不安，也可指较强的惧怕，指对迫近的危险的情绪反应(惊慌)，如：start up in alarm(惊跳起来);其他四词都表示面临危险和灾难时的极度害怕。fright(惊恐)指感到具体的外部威胁时所产生的短时间的突然惊吓，如：a spasm of fright(一阵惊恐);panic(恐慌)指无法控制的、不理智的、毫无根据的突然惊吓(尤指群体中者)，可能持续很长时间，如：be in a panic(处于恐慌之中);terror(惊恐)指出于对意想中的或未来的危险的强烈害怕，持续的时间较长，如：frozen with terror(吓呆了);horror(恐怖)指对灾难性危险的惊恐，如：recoil in horror(吓得退缩)。2)动词alarm与frighten、scare 和terrify都表示使人产生恐惧心理。alarm表示意识到逼近的危险时所产生的“惊慌”，如：alarm sb by a scream(用尖叫声使某人惊吓);frighten(使惊吓)表示对人身伤害所产生的短时间即逝的突然惊吓，如：frighten sb by a sudden noise(用突然的响声把某人吓了一跳);scare(使惊吓)指使人吓得到了失去沉着、不顾尊严的程度，如：scare a child so that he cries(把孩子吓哭);terrify(使恐怖)是使人受到猛烈的、势不可挡的惊吓，可译作“吓倒”，“吓坏”，程度最重，如：be terrified by the sight of a lion(看见一头狮子吓坏了)。