n (1) 训练，调(管)教(training， esp of the mind and character， to produce obedience and self-control or to mould a specific skill， behaviour， etc) [U]：school/military/monastic～学校教养/军纪训练/僧侣的修炼;the～of dancing 舞蹈训练;impose strict～on army recruits 对新兵进行严格的训练; All children need～. 所有的孩子都需要调教。years of～to become a pianist/a top sportsperson 多年的训练以成为钢琴家/优秀运动员;〖同〗training， drilling， schooling， instruction， practice， exercise;

(2) 纪律，风纪，教养(controlled behaviour resulting from this training) [U]：(soldiers) show perfect/good/remarkable～under fire(士兵)在炮火下表现得很有素养/素养良好/素养出众;(children) learn/have/lack～(孩子们)学得有/有/缺乏教养;(teachers)keep/maintain～in the classroom(教师)保持/维持教室的纪律;〖同〗control， subjection;〖反〗indicipline;

(3) 训练方法(method of training) [C]：(learning poetry) be a good～for memory(背诗)是锻炼记忆的好办法;(retelling) be a good～for learning a foreign language(复述)是学习外语的好办法;(Yoga) be a good～for learning to relax(瑜伽功)是学会自我放松的好办法;〖同〗method;

(4) 惩罚(戒)(punishment) [U]：the teacher's cruel/severe～教师严酷/严厉的惩罚;That child will need a lot of～. 那孩子得好好惩罚一下。A little～would do him a world of good. 稍加惩罚就会对他大有裨益。〖同〗punishment;

(5) 学科，科目(branch of knowledge or teaching) [C]：One of the oldest～s is mathematics. 最古老的科学之一是数学。Mathematics and physics are related～s. 数学与物理是相关学科。scientific～s 科学学科;the～s of history and economics 历史和经济学科;

→′disciplinary adj 训练的，管教的;

vt (1)训练，调(管)教，训导 (train to be obedient， self-controlled， skilful， etc) [T+n， C+n+to-inf]：～oneself/one's temper/children/dogs 修炼自己/修炼自己的性情/调教孩子/训狗;～troops/new soldiers/one's mind 训练部队/新兵/自己的头脑;～oneself to finish one's work on time/to work harder 养成自己按时完成工作/更努力工作的素质;a well (badly)～d orchestra/football team 训练有素(不良)的管弦乐队/足球队;～d behaviour 有教养的行为;〖同〗train，instruct，drill;

(2) 惩罚(戒) (punish) [T+n]：be～d for lying/the bad behaviour 因为说谎/行为不良而受惩罚;～the class by giving them extra homework/keeping them after school 留额外作业/放学不让回家来惩罚全班学生;〖同〗punish;

→͵discipli′narian n 严格遵守纪律者