v (1) 卸(船，货)((cause (a ship) to) unload) [T+n， I]：～a ship 卸船;They～d the cargo at New York/the dock. 他们在纽约/那个船坞卸下货物。The ship～d (the cargo) at New York/the dock. 那艘船在纽约/那个船坞卸船(卸下货物)。〖同〗unload，unburden;〖反〗load，burden;

(2) 排(放、流、冒、泄)出((cause to)pass， pour out; get rid of) [T+n， I]：(motor)～fumes(发动机)排出强烈的汽油味;(chimney)～smoke(烟囱)冒烟;(boiler) ～steam(锅炉)放出蒸汽;(clouds)～electricity(云)放电;The town～s its waste (rubbish)into the river/the sea. 那个镇子把废水(垃圾)排入河中/倾入海中。The wound is～ing (pus). 伤口在流脓。The sewer is～ing(its contents). 污水管在排污水。The river～s (its water/itself) into the lake/the sea/the bay. 那河(把水)排入湖/海/海湾中。The drain～d into the street. 排水管把水排到街上。〖同〗send forth， give forth， pour forth;

(3) 开枪，发射(shoot or fire(a gun， etc)͵ launch) [T+n， I](fml)：～a gun/a rifle/a revolver 开炮/枪/(左轮)枪;～arrows/bombs at sth 向……射箭/投炸弹;The gun～d. 枪响了。〖同〗fire， shoot， launch;

(4) 让离去，释放，解雇(除)(allow to leave; send away or dismiss) [T+n， T+n+prep(from)]：～an accused man 开释被告;～a soldier/a servant/one's staff/the membership of the jury 让士兵退伍/解雇仆人/解聘员工/取消陪审员资格;The boat/aircraft～d its passengers. 船/飞机卸客。The Army/His boss～d him. 军队让他退伍/老板解雇了他。～a patient (from hospital)/a criminal (from prison)/a prisoner (from a detention camp) 让病人出院/罪犯出狱/犯人出拘留所;〖同〗release，liberate，free;fire，dismiss;

(5) 偿还(债务)(pay(a debt)) [T+n] (fml)：～all one's debts 偿还全部债务;

(6) 履行(职责)(perform (a duty， task， etc)) [T+n](fml)：～one's duties/one's obligations/one's responsibilities/one's last official act/one's promise 履行职责/义务/责任/最后的职责/诺言;～an errand/the office of president 履行使命/总统职务;〖同〗fulfil， perform;

n(1) 卸货;排(放，流，泄)出;射击;释放，解雇;偿还;履行(discharging or being discharged) [U]：the～of waste (into a river)/gas(from a container)/electricity(from clouds)/water (from a reservoir)/pus (from a wound)/a man(from the army)/a prisoner(from jail)废物排放(入河中)/煤气溢出(容器)/(云团)放电/水泄出(水库中)/(伤口)流出脓水/一个人退伍/一个囚犯获释;the～of cargo/a gun 货物的卸出/枪炮的发射;be given one's～from the army 获准退伍; get one's～from prison 得以出狱;arrange the～of one's debts 安排偿还债务事宜;be efficient/faithful in the～of one's duties 有成效地/忠实地履行职责;〖同〗discharging;removal，release，firing，shooting，fulfilment，performance;

(2) 排(放，流，冒，泄)出物(that which is poured， sent， or let out) [U， C]：a～of electricity/pus 放电/流脓;the～s from a wound/a tree trunk/a chemical works 伤口流出的脓水/树干流出的浆液/化工厂排出的废物;〖同〗issue;

【辨异】1) 动词discharge与dismiss、release和free都可表示“使自由”、“让离去”之意。discharge 此时多与法庭、军队等有关(表示“释放”、“让退伍”、“解雇”等意思);dismiss(解雇;解散)多指强迫离开，如：dismiss a servant(解雇一个仆人)，也可指允许走，如：dismiss the students(解散学生);release(解脱，释放，解放)，free(解脱，释放，解放)都可指使从束缚中解脱出来，如：release/free a prisoner(释放一个囚犯);2) 动词discharge与perform和execute 都可表示完成某一行动。perform(执行，履行)是个一般用语，通常指执行一种需要长时间和努力及技巧的事情，如：perform an operation(施行手术);discharge指履行正式的法律上的职责和义务;execute (执行，实施)指需要专业技术或熟练技巧的复杂事情，如：execute a tricky manoeuvre(实施复杂的战略调动);也可指执行命令或实施计划，如：execute sb's order/a plan(执行某人的命令/实施一计划)。