hold

vt.
1.have,possess具有，拥有。
△As.5.4.137 (130): “Iftruth holds true contents.” i.e. if there be truth intruth; if truth be true. 假如真理是不虚。(又译：假如真话不虚假。)
△Mer.5.1.127: “We should hold day withthe Antipodes,/If you would walk in absence of thesun.”(If you would always walk in the night,it wouldbe day with us,as it is now on the other side of theworld.)你若是在没有太阳的时候行走，我们就可以和地球那一面的人共同享有阳光 (意谓：波希霞本人就是阳光。)
△ Oth1.3. 118: “The trust,the office I do hold of you，”你们给我的信任和官职。
△1H.VI.2.4.38:“I think he heldthe right.”我认为他拥有真理(又译：正当权利)。
2. keep possession of,retain坚持拥有，保有。
△H.V.2.1.82 (78): “I have,and I will hold. the quondamQuickly/For the only she；”我已经有了，并且还要一直拥有，当年的桂格莱，她才是盖世无双的女人。
3. keep保持。
△Mac.3.6.43:“And that well might /Advise him to a caution,t’ hold what distance / His wisdom can provide.”i.e. And that might well teachhim to be careful and keep as far away from Macbethas possible.那么，这大可以提醒他留神，尽他的聪明所及，（对麦克白）保持着距离。
△Rom.5.3.4: “Holding thy earclose to the hollow ground，”使得你的耳朵紧贴着中空的地面。
△1H.IV.3.2.109:“Holds from all soldiers chiefmajority”，在一切军人中保持着至高地位。
△2H.IV.4.5.97 (98):“for my cloud of dignity / Is held from fall-ing with so weak a wind / That it will quickly drop；”因为我这一片尊位的浮云是被一丝微弱的风维系于不坠，它很快就要落下了。
△3H.VI. 2. 2. 118:“Defy them then,or elsehold close thy lips.”那么就向他们挑战吧，否则就把你的嘴闭得紧紧的。
△R.III.1.3. 157 (156): “I can no longerhold me patient.”我不能再继续忍耐了。
4. maintain ,preserve,continue 维持，维护，继续。
△Ado. 5. 4. 38: “I’ll hold my mind,were she an E-thiope.”即使她长得像非洲的黑人，我也决不反悔。
△Ham.5. 2. 183 (176):“and the King hold his purpose，”国王维持他原来的主意不变。
△2H.VI. 5.2.70:“Sword,holdthy temper; heart,be wrathful still；”剑啊，要保持你的刚硬；心啊，永远要充满怒火。
△R.III. 3.2.104 (105):“Godhold it to your honour’s good content.”愿上帝保佑大人一直称心如意。
△H.VIII.1.3. 8: “For when they hold’em (= them)”，i.e. when they maintain their gri-maces. 因为当他们做出这些鬼脸的时候。
5. uphold,keep unbroken or inviolate,defend维护，保持完整无损，保卫。
△2H.IV.2.3.39: “Never,O never,do his ghost the wrong / To hold your honour more,precise and nice / With others than with him!”不要，啊，千万不要对不起他的亡魂，觉得在对待别人时竟然比对待他更应该无微不至地维护你的荣誉。
△3H.VI. 2.2.42: “To hold thine own and leave thine own with him. ”保住你自己的基业并且把它留传给他。
6. keep遵守。
△H.V.2.cho.28:“And by their hands this grace of kings must die,/ If hell and treason hold their promises,/ Ere he take ship for France,and in Southampton.”假如这些该下地狱的叛逆们说到做到，那么这位国王之中的光辉榜样，在上船开往法兰西之前，在骚桑普顿就要被他们动手杀害。
7. follow,pursue沿着…前进，追随。
△3H.VI.5.3.19:“That they do hold their course toward Tewksbury. ”他们正沿着通向条克斯伯雷的道路开来。
8. carry on把…进行下去。
△Mer.4.1.171: “Are you acquainted with the difference / That holds this present question in the court?”今天开庭审理的这件案子，双方争执的焦点你已经了解了吗？
9. think,consider认为，把…看做。
△Ham. 3. 1. 190(181):“But if you hold it fit，”但是，陛下如认为妥当。
△Ham. 5. 2. 33: “I once did hold it,as our statists do,/ A baseness to write fair，”从前我也和我们的政治家一样，认为把字迹写得端正是一件卑贱的事。
△Oth.2.3.105(101): “No,for I hold him to be unworthy of his place that does those things.”不，因为我认为他这样有地位的人这样干，是有失身份的。
△R.III.4.4.493 (492):“You have no cause to hold my friendship doubtful.”你没有理由认为我的忠诚可疑。
△H.VIII.1.3.47:“Held currentmusictoo. ”还被看做是流行的音乐。
△H.VIII.4.1.103:“He of Winchester / Is held no great good lover ofthe Archbishop's,/The virtuous Cranmer ”有人认为温彻斯特的那位主教对于德高望重的克兰默大主教并不那么友好。
10. esteem,regard尊重，看待。
△Rom.3.4.25: “It may be thought we held him carelessly，”人家会说我们太不把他放在心上。
△Ado.3.2.101 (97):“he holds you well，”他是非常看重你的。(又译：他是对你很好的。)
△Lr.1.1.117(115):“And as a stranger to my heart and me / Hold thee from this for ever.”从现在起在我的心上和面前永远把你当做一个陌生人看待。
△Lr.5.3.60 (59):“Sir,by your patience,/ I hold you but a subject of this war,/ Not as a brother.”阁下，对不起，我把你只是看做这次战争中的部下，并没有当做同僚。
△Oth.1.3.396 (390):“He holds me well,/ The better shall my purpose work on him.”他对待我很好，我的计谋对他就能更好下手。
△2H.VI.4.1.146:“If he revenge it not,yet will his friends; / So will the Queen,that living held him dear.”如果国王不为他报仇，他的朋友会的：王后也会为他报仇，因为他活着时她那样爱他。
△3H.VI.2.2.109:“Northumberland,I hold thee reverently.”诺森伯兰，我是尊敬你的。
11. estimate,value,count估计，对…估价，计算。
△Oth.2.3.95 (91):“He held them sixpence all too dear，”他嫌贵了六便士。
△Oth.2.3. 175 (173): “He that stirs next to carve for his own rage / Holds his soul light；”谁再敢挥刀逞凶，他便是看轻自己的性命。
△H.V.4.3.66:“And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks / That fought with us upon Saint Crispin's day. ” 一当任何一个曾在克里斯品节跟我们在一起作战的人开口说话，他们就会觉得自己未免太缺乏丈夫气概了。
△R.III.3.2.77 (78): “I hold my life as dear as you do yours，”i.e.I value my life as much as you do yours. 我把自己的生命看得跟你一样宝贵。
12. estimate,prize评价，珍视。
△3H.VI.2.1.101:“OWarwick,Warwick,that Plantagenet / Which heldthee dearly as his soul's redemption / Is by the sternLord Clifford done to death.”啊，沃里克，沃里克，那位普兰塔琪奈特，他把你看得同他的灵魂得救一样珍贵的，现在已经被那个凶狠的克利福勋爵杀死了。
13. contain容纳。
△H.VIII.1.4.39: “Let me havesuch a bowl(i.e.a bowl that) may hold my thanks. /And save me so much talking.”让我拿一只大杯子，好容得下我的感谢之意，并且免得我多说话。
14. believe,receive 相信，接受。
△H.VIII.2.1.154:“forit grows again / Fresher than e’er it was,and held forcertain / The king will venture at it.” (held for cer-tain: it is thought certain.) 因为它传播得比过去更厉害，大家都确切相信国王要冒险一试了。
△Mac.4.2.19: “whenwe hold rumour / From what we fear,yet know notwhat we fear，” i.e. when we believe every rumourbecause of our fears,and yet do not know exactlywhat it is that we fear. 我们出于恐惧信了谣言，却又不知道自己恐惧什么。
15. detain,keep waiting,cause to linger留住，使待着，使停留。
△Ado.1.1.214 (204): “What secret hath held you here，”究竟有什么秘密的事使你们留在这里。
△1H.IV.3.1.155 (154): “He held me last night at least ninehours / In reckoning up the several devils’ names /That were his lackeys.”昨晚他留住我谈了至少九个小时，一一细数那些做他仆从的各种各样魔鬼的名字。
△1H.VI.5.3.13:“O. hold me not with silence over-long!”啊，不要这样沉默不语地一直让我待着呀！
△2H.VI.3.1.186:“He'll wrest the sense and hold us here all day.”他会歪曲我们的意思，把我们整天缠在这里。
16. withhold,keep back,restrain,stop制止，阻止，遏制，阻拦。
△Tw.3.4.313 (282):“Fabian can scarce holdhim yonder.”费边在那边简直拦不住他。
△Rom.1.1.85(79): “Hold me not,let me go.”(Montague speaks tohis wife.) 别拦住我，让我去。
△Rom.3.3.107(108):“Hold thy desperate hand!”止住你那鲁莽的手！
△Lr.3.7.72:“Hold your hand,my lord!”住手，大人！
△Lr. 4.6.165 (160): “Thou rascal beadle,hold thy bloodyhand!”你这个流氓教吏，停下你的毒手！
△Mac.3.6.25:“From whom this tyrant holds the due of birth，”他的即位权被这个暴君篡夺了。
△1H.IV.5.4.21: “I saw himhold Lord Percy at the point，”我看见他用剑抵挡住波西。
△H.V.3.3.22:“What rein can hold licentious wickedness”，什么样的缰绳能制止住无法无天的邪恶？
△R.III.1.4.121 (118):“It was wont to hold me but while onetells twenty.”它能抑制住我的时间通常不超过从一数到二十。
17. take 拿去。
△Shr.4.4.17: “hold thee that todrink.”拿这个去喝杯酒吧。(按：给他小费。)
18. lay. wager以…打赌。
△Shr.3.2.86 (83): “I holdyou a penny.”我跟你赌一个便士。
19. keep alive使得活着。
△Oth.5.2.332 (333):“Ifthere be any cunning cruelty / That can torment himmuch and hold him long，”假如有一种什么巧妙的酷刑能叫他多受痛苦而又使他多活一些时候。
20. endure,survive耐得，经受得住。
△Ham.5.1.180(165):“as we have many pocky corses that will scarcehold the laying in”，因为现在有许多害杨梅疮的尸首，等不得埋葬就烂掉了。
～vi.
1.take this,take it拿去，拿着。
△Tw.3.1.50 (43):“Hold,there’s expenses for thee.”拿去吧，这是给你的花费。
△Wiv.1.3.86 (79): “Hold,sirrah，”拿住，伙计。
△Rom. 4. 1. 122:“Hold,get you gone.”拿住，你就走吧。
△2H.IV. 3. 2. 294 (272): “Hold,Wart!”i.e.(military command) Here! take it (= the gun)! 拿住枪，瘤子！
△2H.IV. 3. 2. 299 (276): “Hold,there’s a tester for thee.”拿着，给你六便士。
△H.V.5.1.61 (58):“Hold you,there is a groat to heal your pate.”你拿着，这一块四便士的银币给你的脑袋治伤。
2. hold one’s hand,do not strike,cease,desist,stop住手，别打，停止。
△Tw.3.4.355 (319):“O good Sir Toby,hold! here come the officers.”啊，好托比爵士，住手！警官们来了。
△Tw.4.1.30 (28):“Hold,sir,or I’ll throw your dagger o’er the house.”住手，先生，否则我把你的刀子掷过房去。
△Rom.4.1.68: “Hold,daughter!”住手，女儿。
△Rom. 4. 1. 89:“Hold,then.”那么，不用再讲了。
△Lr.3.7.73: “I have served you ever since I was a child,/ But better service have I never done you / Than now to bid you hold.”我从幼小时候就一直侍候你，但我对你从来没有更好地效劳过，像我现在叫你住手。
△2H.VI.2.3.97 (93): “Hold,Peter,hold! I confess,I confess treason.” 别打了，彼得，别打了！ 我招认，我招认叛逆罪。
3. hold back,refrain,desist抑制，忍住，克制自己。
△ As.5.1.13 (12):“we cannot hold.”我们忍不住。
△2H.VI.5.2.14: “Hold,Warwick,seek thee out some other chase，”且慢，沃利克，你去寻找另外什么猎物吧。
△3H.VI.1.4. 51: “Hold,valiant Clifford.” 住手，勇敢的克利福。
△H.VIII. Epi.13:“for ’tis ill hap / If they hold when their ladies bid ’em clap.”因为，如果夫人们叫男客们鼓掌，而他们却缩手，那可交不了好运气。
4. hold good,be valid,not to change or fall off 生效，有效，不变，不衰退。
△Mer.3.3.25:“grant this forfciture to hold.” 允许这种处罚生效。
△Wiv.1.3.92 (85):“for gourd and fullam holds，”空心骰子和灌铅骰子还是有用的。
△H.V.1.2.87: “King Pepin’s title and HughCapet’s claim,/ King Lewis his satisfaction (i.e.King Lewis’s satisfying of his conscience),allappear /To hold in right and title of the female；”丕平王的帝号，休·卡佩的王权，路易王的心安理得，全都是凭着女性的继承权利才算数。
△Ham.5.2.205 (197):“He sendsto know if your pleasure hold to play with Laertes，”他现在派我来问一问殿下是否仍愿和莱阿提斯比赛。
△Lr.5.1.1:“Know of the Duke(i.e. Albany) if his last pur-pose hold，”去探听公爵最后的决定是否还有效。
5. be firm,not to break,remain unbroken,endure, last坚定，不破裂，坚持不变，禁受得住，持久。
△Ham.1.5.93:“O fie,hold,hold,my heart.”啊，呸，要坚定，要坚定，我的心。
△ Shr.2.1.147(146):“Iron may hold with her,but never lutes.” 只有铁器才禁得住她使唤，琴是绝不中用的。
△L.L.L.4.2.111(106):“Ah,never faith couldhold,if not to beauty vowed!”啊，若非对美人发的誓，当然不能长久不变。
△3H.VI.5.1.73:“Two of thy name,both Dukes of Somerset,/ Have sold their lives untothe house of York,/ And thou shalt be the third,ifthis sword hold.”(Edmund Beaufort,second Duke ofSomerset,was killed while fighting for the Lancastri-ans in 1455. and his son and heir Henry was executedby the Yorkists in 1464. The Duke of Somerset beingaddressed is brother of Henry.)与你同名的两个人，同为萨默塞特公爵，都在约克家族手下丢了命，只要我这把剑还管用，你就是第三个了。
6. be true,be valid,prove true确实，确凿，证实。
△Mer2.6.8:“That ever holds.”那是永远对的。
△R.III.2.3.7: “Doth the news hold of good King Edward’s death?”好国王爱德华逝世的消息确实吗？
△R.III.2.4.16:“Good faith,good faith,the saying did not hold / In him that did object the same to thee!”真是的，真是的，他向你提出的这句成语对他自己倒不适用！
7. keep an engagement,keep one’s word不失约，守约。
△Wiv.5.1.1:“Prithee no more prattling. Go,I’ll hold.”请你不要再啰嗦了。去吧，我一定不失约就是了。
8. be accepted; remain被公认；仍是。
△Lr.4.7.85(84):“Holds it true,sir,that the Duke of Cornwall was so slain?”先生，康华尔公爵被杀的消息是真的吗？
9. stop.wait停止，等候。
△Lr.5.3.157 (156): “Hold, sir。”且慢，先生。(按：“且慢”，对爱德伽说的；另一解释为“拿着”，对爱德蒙说的。)
△Mac. 2. 1. 4: “Hold,take my sword.”等一下，拿着我的剑。
△3H.VI.5.5.43: “Hold, Richard,hold; for we have done too much.” 等一下.理查，等一下；我们已经做得太过火了。
10. abide,last,continue持续，持久，继续。
△H.VIII.2.1.149: “Yes,but it held not；”i. e. but it did not continue; it ceased. 我听到了，但是它停息了。
△1H.IV.2.4. 401 (361):“if there come a hot June and this civil buffeting hold，”要是来一个炎热的6月，而且这场内战还继续下去的话。
11. hold property保管财产。
△2H.VI.4.7.131 (123):“Men shall hold of me in capite；”大家的财产都是为我这个最高占用者而保管的。
12.❶take a thing in one’s grasp,grip紧握，紧咬。
❷carry through坚持到底。
△2H.IV.4.1.218 (216):“his power,like to a fangless lion,/ May offer,but nothold.”他的威力，像一头没有牙齿的狮子，虽然能吓人(又译：扑人)，却不能咬人(又译：坚持到底)。
Phrases & Expressions:
hold acquaintance with: keep company with与…结伴。
△Tw.1.2.15(16):“I saw him hold acquaintance with the waves”，i.e. bob up and down with the waves,not sinking below the waves. 我看见他安然地随着波涛上下。
hold … at a bay: turn to make a stand against … 回身反抗，作困兽之斗。
△Shr.5.2.56: “your deer doeshold you at a bay.”你追捕的那头鹿倒把你逼得走投无路。 hold a wing: (figure from falconry) fly a course,pursue a course飞行一种进程，追随一种方向。
△1H.IV.3.2.29:“yet let me wonder,Harry,/ At thy affections,which do hold a wing / Quite from the flight of allthy ancestors.”i.e. which fly a course quite contraryto that of all your ancestors.但是让我惊讶的，哈利，是你的天性怎么跟你所有的祖先们的奋飞方向完全不同。
hold content: keep calm,be composed 安静，镇定。
△Ado.5.1.92:“Hold you content.”你不要说话。
hold friends: keep on friendly terms保持友好联系。
△Ado.1.1.93 (91):“I will hold friends with you,lady.” i. e. I will take good care not to incur your criticism. 小姐，我愿意跟你交个朋友。(意谓：我需要小心，免得受你批评。)
hold in: ❶keep back,keep silent about隐瞒，对…保持沉默。
△Lr.5.3.204 (203):“If there be more,more woeful,hold it in；”如果还有更多的话，而且更为伤心，就别说了。
❷retain secrets,keep counsel保守秘密，守口如瓶。
△1H.IV. 2.1.85 (77):“such as can hold in”，他们都是些守口如瓶的人。
hold…in delay: keep …waiting挡驾，支应。
△Tw.1.5.111. (104):“Who of my people hold him in delay?”谁在支应着他呢？
hold off: ❶keep away or at a distance,maintain a reserve,keep silent避开，保持缄默，沉默不语。
△Ham.2.2.309 (291):“If you love me,hold not off.”你们若是爱我，就不要躲躲闪闪。
❷restrain from motion,withhold, detain,stop抑制，制止，阻住，阻止。
△Oth.3.3.248:“Yet if you please to hold him off awhile,/ You shall by that perceive him and his means.”但是，如果你愿意搁置他一下，你正可借此看出他的为人和手段。
△R.III.4.5.5:“The fear of that hold off my present aid.”对这件事的顾虑使我不能立即前往帮助。
hold one play: keep one in play,keep one engaged牵制…使…忙乎着。
△H.VIII.5.4.91 (5.3.85): “or I’ll find / A Marshalsea shall (i.e. which shall) hold ye play these two months. ”不然的话，我要找一所监狱，让你们在里边玩上两个月。hold one’s own: maintain one’s position or standing:withstand the ravages of time保持自己的地位；（又解）经受住岁月的考验。
△ 2H.IV.3.2. 220 (205):“Doth she holdher own well?”她现在还能维持吗？ (又译：她现在还不显老吧？)
hold,or cut bow-strings: an expression of uncertain meaning from archery,perhaps equivalent to (与箭术有关的一句成语，现在确切意思不明，可能解释如下)——❶hold to our agreement or give up the play谨守诺言，否则即割断弓弦（放弃比赛）。
❷“Come rain,hail or shine.”在任何情况下均须到会。
△Mid.1.2.115(111).
hold out: ❶keep up,maintain,persist in,sustain to the end继续，坚持，持续到底。
△Wiv.4.2.145 (135):“Well said,brazen-face! hold it out.”说得好，厚脸皮！说下去。
△3H.VI.2.6.24:“No way to fly,nor
strength to hold out flight；”无路可逃，也没有力气再继续逃跑了。
❷continue or persist in a course坚持一种行动方向。
△R.III. 4.2.44:“Hath he so long held out with me untired,/ And stops he now for breath?”长期以来他一直不知疲倦地支持我的事业，难道他现在停下来想喘口气吗？
❸endure,sustain to the end忍受，承受到底。
△2H.IV.4.4.117:“No,no,he cannot long hold out these pangs.”不，不，他不能长期承受这样的痛苦。
❹keep out,exclude使…不进人，把…排除在外。
△1H.IV.2.1.93(83):“Will she hold out water in foul way?”遇上泥泞的道路，这双靴子不透水吧？
❺pretend假装。
△Tw.4.1.5:“Well held out,i’faith!”装腔装得真好！
hold (one) pace: keep pace with,equal,rival与…并驾齐驱，比得上，敌得过。
△1H.IV.3.1.49 (48):“And hold me pace in deep experiments.”在神秘的实验方面能与我匹敌。
hold quantity: be proportionable,be related in direct proportion成比例，成正比。
△Ham.3.2.179 (167):“For women’s fear and love hold quantity，”因为女人的忧虑和爱情成为正比。
hold the plough: become a farmer 耕种，做农夫。
△L.L.L.5.2.891 (883):“I have vowed to Jaquenetta to hold the plough for her sweet love three year.”我已向杰奎妮妲发过誓，为了她的爱，我要帮她耕地三年。
hold up: ❶ keep up,continue,carry on持续，继续，把…进行下去。
△Ado.2.3.136 (121):“Hold it up.”继续下去。
△Wiv.5.5. 111 (105): “hold up the jest no higher.”这个玩笑别再开下去了。
△Mer.5.1.214:“Evenhe that had held up the very life / Of my dearfriend.”而他就是救我好朋友性命的那个人。
△Mid.3.2.239:“hold the sweet jest up；”把这个绝妙的玩笑尽管开下去吧。
❷sustain,keep going,continue支撑，维持，继续。
△Ham.5.1.33(31): “they hold up Adam’s profession.”他们承继着亚当的职业。
❸support,encourage支持，鼓励。
△Tw.1.5.325 (304): “Nor hold him upwith hopes: I am not for him.”也不要拿空希望去支持他：我跟他没有缘分。
❹ maintain,uphold 坚持，维护。
△2H.IV.4.2.34:“Crowd us and crush us to thismonstrous form/To hold our safety up.”挤压我们，才迫使我们采取这种反常的方式来维护我们自己的安全。
△3H.VI.1.1.46: “The proudest he that holds upLancaster，”兰开斯特家族的最骄横的支持者。
❺set up提出。
△H.V.1.2.91:“Howbeit they would hold upthis Salique law / To bar your Highness claiming fromthe female，”然而他们还要提出这个萨利法典来阻挡陛下由母系而来的王位要求。
❻show off,make much of夸耀，恭维，标榜。
△Ado.2.2.25 (24): “whose estimation do youmightily hold up”，你要大大地夸耀他的名誉。
hold well: be apt,be consistent,be a good simile恰当，适当，比喻得好。
△1H.IV.1.2.34 (30):“Thou sayestwell,and it holds well too，”你说得好，比得也不错。