v (1)(使)破裂((cause to) break without falling into separate pieces;split)[I，T+n]：The ice/glass/plate～ed when I dropped it.我失手摔裂了冰/玻璃杯/盘子。～a glass/a window 打破一玻璃杯/一窗户玻璃;～a bone in one's arm/one's leg摔裂胳膊/腿骨;a～ed cup/bell有裂纹的杯子/钟;〖同〗split;

(2)(使)裂开，砸(炸)开((cause to)break open or into separate pieces)[I，T+n，C+n+adj]：The seeds have～ed open.种子裂开了。～a nut/a walnut/a coconut 砸开坚果/胡桃/椰子;～a safe/a casing open 砸开保险柜/外罩;

(3)(使)发出爆裂声((cause to) make a sudden sharp sound)[I，T+n无pass]：The whip/rifle/falling tree～ed threateningly.鞭子/枪/正在倒下的树发出可怕的劈啪声。My knees～ed when I knelt down. 我跪下时膝盖嘎吧作响。～a whip/one's knuckles把鞭子抽得劈啪作响/指关节折得嘎嘎作响;

(4)重(撞)击(hit sth with a sudden sharp sound)[T+n，T+n+prep(on/against)]：fall and～one's head against (on) the wall/the low door-frame/the railing跌倒了，头撞在墙/低门楣/栏杆上;～sb on the head with a ruler用尺子打某人头部;

(5)变(失)声((of the voice) change sharply in depth，loudness，etc)[I]：Her voice～ed with grief/emotion.她悲恸/激动得说话的声音都变了。A boy's voice～s at puberty.青春期男孩的嗓音变粗。

(6)崩溃，垮((cause to) break down or cease to resist)[I，I+adv(up)，T+n]：He～ed under pressure/the strain of work.由于压力/工作的紧张，他崩溃了。The spy/suspect finally～ed under their questioning.间谍/嫌疑犯在他们的审问下终于招供了。When failure came/After working too hard he(his health)～ed up.失败时/紧张工作之后，他(他的身体)垮了。The unexpected evidence/The witnesses～ed his composure.意外的证据/证人们使他再也不能保持镇静了。～the defence突破防守;〖同〗break，break down，give way;

(7)破解(solve，find(a hidden secret，esp a code)[T+n](infml)：～a difficult calculation/a spy's code解决一计算难题/破译间谍的密码;

(8)开启(瓶子)(open (a bottle) so as to drink)[T+n](infml);

(9)说(笑话) (tell(a joke)in a clever or very amusing way)[T+n](infml)：He's always～ing jokes.他总是说笑话。

(10)裂化，分馏(break down(a complex substance，esp heavy oils) by heat and pressure to produce simpler chemical compounds(such as lighter oils))[T+n]：～oil by heating under pressure高压下加热使(石)油裂化;a～ing plant分馏厂;

get cracking 加劲干起来：You'd better get～ing with that job.你最好加把劲儿干那个活儿。

crack down on(v adv prep)镇压，使取缔(vt)：～down on drug dealers/gambling/political activity 取缔贩毒/赌博/政治活动;

→′crackdown n 镇压，取缔;′cracked adj 精神失常(疯狂)的;′cracking adj 精彩(出色)的;′crackbrained adj 疯狂(愚蠢)的;′crack-up n 精神崩溃;′crackpot n 胡思乱想的人;′cracksman n(撬保险箱的)贼;′cracker n 脆饼干;鞭炮;

n (1)裂纹(缝)，龟裂(line along which sth has broken，but without falling into separate pieces)[C][N(in)]：a～in the ice/the window/the cup冰/窗户玻璃/杯子上的裂纹;The earthquake caused huge～s in the earth.地震使大地出现巨大的裂缝。～s in the economic policy(fig)经济政策上的漏洞;at the～of dawn 破晓时分;〖同〗split;

(2)缝(空)隙(narrow open gap)[C]：look through a～in the curtains/the wall/the partition透过窗帘/墙/间壁缝看;Open the door just a～.把门打开一条缝。〖同〗opening;

(3)爆裂声(sudden sharp sound)[C]：a～of thunder/a gun/a pistol(shot)/rifle fire/a whip雷/炮/手枪(射击)/步枪射击/鞭子声;the～of doom世界末日;

(4)重击(sudden sharp blow usu one that can be heard)[C][N(on)]：give sb/get a nasty～on the head重击某人头一下/头上被重击了一下;

(5)玩笑(clever and amusing joke，reply or remark，often critical)[C][N(about)](infml)：make～s about sb's fatness/sb's big feet/sb's funny-looking hat拿某人的肥胖/大脚/滑稽的帽子开玩笑;

(6)尝试(attempt)[C][N(at)](infml)：have a～at writing a book/solving a puzzle尝试写书/解谜;take a～at a job试着做一件工作;

(7)变声(sudden change in the depth or loudness of the voice)[C]：a～in sb's voice某人嗓音的变声;

adj 精湛(锐)的(of high quality or good ability;very clever or skilful)：a～player/shot优秀运动员/射手;a～regiment/force of soldiers精锐兵团/部队