v(1)(根据权利)要求;认领(demand or ask for (a title，property，money，etc) as one's own or as one's due)[T+n]：～one's share/a reward/payment/compensation/a right/a title/the throne/diplomatic immunity要求自己的一份/报酬/付款/赔偿/权利/头衔/王位/外交豁免权;～the protection of the law/(ownership of) the land/(possession of) the island要求法律保护/土地(的所有权)/岛屿(的所有权);～one's land/one's money back要求归还土地/钱;～an item of lost property认领一件丢失物品;〖同〗demand，ask，request;〖反〗 disclaim，reject;

(2)要求保险赔偿(demand (money) under an insurance policy)[I，I+prep(for)，T+n]：Did you～(on the insurance)? 你要求保险金赔偿了吗?～(against one's insurance) for damages 要求(保险公司)赔偿损失;

(3)需要，值得((of things)need;require;deserve)[T+n](常用于短语～attention)：Important matters～/This difficulty～s our attention.重要的事情/这一困难需要我们投入精力。His work～ed much of his time.他的工作用去了他很多的时间。

(4)声(宣)称，自称(declare(sth)to be true(without being able to prove))[T+n，T+to-inf，T+that]：～a victory/responsibility for the bombing声称取得了胜利/对爆炸事件负责;～no knowledge of what happened声称不知道所发生的事情;～to be the rightful heir/to have discovered a new planet/not to have met sb before 声称自己是法定继承人/发现了一颗新的行星/以前未见过某人;～that one is the rightful heir/one has discovered a new planet声称自己是法定继承人/发现了一颗新的行星;It is～ed that the marines were invited by the government.据称海军陆战队是政府邀请来的。〖同〗declare;〖反〗deny;

(5)造成损失((of a disaster，an accident，etc)cause the loss or death of(sb))[T+n]：The earthquake～ed thousands of lives/victims.那次地震使数千人丧命/遇难。The street clashes are～ing new lives every day. 街上的冲突每天都造成死亡。

→′claimant n(法律上)提出要求者;

n(1)权利(right to ask for sth)[C，U][N(to/on)]：have a (no)～to ownership/to the throne/to a title/to the inheritance/to the property/to sb's services/to sb's sympathy有(无)要求得到所有权/王位/头衔/继承权/财产/某人服务/某人同情的权利;lay～to an estate/to a property声称对一所庄园/一房地产拥有所有权;assert one's～to one's children维护自己对孩子的监护权;have a (no)～on sb's sympathy/on sb's time/on sb有(无)要求得到某人同情的权利/占用某人时间的权利/对某人的权利;make a～to the purse认领钱包;〖同〗demand，requirement，request，right;

(2)1)要求(得到一笔钱)(demand or request for a sum of money(as insurance，compensation，a wage increase，etc)as one's own by right)[C][N(for)]：put forward(put in/make)a～for damages/compensation/a pay rise/money/￡1000 against sb 向……提出要损失费/赔偿费/增加工资/钱/1000英镑;file a～for losses提出赔偿损失的要求;2)(要求得到的)一笔钱(尤指保险赔偿金)(a sum of money demanded esp from an insurance company)[C]：That's a very large～!那是很大的一笔钱!meet a～for houses damaged by the storm 偿付暴风雨毁坏房屋的赔偿费;

(3)声明，说法，断言(statement of what one is saying as a fact)[C][N+to-inf，N+that，N(of)]：believe sb's～to be innocent/to own the house相信某人声称自己无辜/拥有那座房子的声明;believe sb's～that he is innocent/he is telling the truth相信某人声称自己无辜/讲的是实话;believe sb's～of innocence 相信某人无辜的说法;an advertisement that makes false～concerning certain foods 就某些食品做虚假说明的广告;His～is that he was not near the scene of the accident.他声明他不在事故现场附近。〖同〗declaration;〖反〗denial;

(4)声明拥有的东西(尤指土地)(thing claimed，esp an area of land)[C];

lay claim to 1)声称有权拥有：lay～to the throne/to the territory/to an estate/to a property/to an inheritance声称对王位/领土/庄园/房地产/遗产有权拥有;2)自称[通常为neg]：lay no～to being an scientist没有自称是科学家;

【说明】动词claim表示“声称”(见(4))时，只能用于主动语态，一般不可用于被动语态，如不可说：*The ring was claimed to be stolen.(但下句是可以的：It is claimed that this discovery will revolutionize surgery. 据称这一发现将使外科学发生一次革命。)

【辨异】claim与demand、require和request都可表示“要求”的意思。claim是根据权利而要求，如：claim compensation((根据保险规定的权利)要求赔偿);demand((命令式)要求)表示带有权威地强硬要求，如：demand explanation(要求解释);require((作为义务、规定而)要求)指出于某种必要性而强硬要求，如：require absolute obedience(要求绝对服从);request(要求，请求)指有礼貌地要求，即“请求”，如：request sb's attention(请求某人注意)。