(1)公(市)民的，国民的(of or relating to all the citizens of a country)[无comp]：～rights/duties/liberty公民权利/义务/自由;

(2)国内的(within a country or community)[无comp]：～disorder/strife/war/affairs 内乱/内乱/内战/国内事务;

(3)平民的，民政的(of or relating to ordinary citizens as distinguished from military or religious affairs)[无comp]：～government/servants/administration/defence/authorities/life/engineering 文人政府/公务人员/民政/民防/民政当局/平民生活/土木工程;the C～Service 政府的文职机关;(全体)公务人员;a～marriage 非宗教婚姻;a～airliner 民航班机;〖同〗public;〖反〗military，religious;

(4)民事的(concerned with cases which are not criminal)[无comp]：a～case/court/lawsuit民事案件/法庭/诉讼;bring a～action against sb for sth因某事向某人提出民事诉讼;Divorce cases are covered by～law.离婚案件属民法范围。

(5)斯文的，文明的，有礼貌的(polite enough to be acceptable，esp if not friendly)：Keep a～tongue in your head!讲话要文明(不要粗鲁)!be～to sb 对某人彬彬有礼;in a～way 文明地;a very～reply/person 很有礼貌的回答/人;〖同〗polite;〖反〗uncivil，impolite，rude;

→un′civil adj 粗野的;′civilly adv 有礼貌地;ci′vilian adj 平民的，文职的;n 平民，文官;ci′vility n 礼貌，谦恭;′civilize， -ise v 使开化，教化;

【辨异】civil与polite都表示“有礼貌的”。civil要求的程度较低，指最起码的客气;polite则指素有的礼貌习惯，并且出自自觉礼貌意识;还有courteous(彬彬有礼的)指待人殷勤、谦恭、真诚、体贴。