n(1)挑战(书)(formal demand or request to sb to engage in a fight，contest，match，etc)[C][N(to)+to-inf，N(to)，N+to-inf]：He issued (offered) a～to the boxers to fight him/to the chess champion to try to beat him at chess.他向那些拳击手们挑战让他们来应战/向那个象棋冠军发出挑战要击败他。receive (accept) a～from (of) sb to a fight/a duel/a race收到(接受)某人打架/决斗/赛跑的挑战;receive (accept) sb's～to play him in a tennis match收到(接受)某人比赛网球的挑战;His smile held a tiny hint of a～.他的微笑里露出一点挑战的意味。

(2)挑战性(quality of demanding effort and spirit of competition)[U]：I want a job with much～.我想有个很具挑战性的工作。not get enough～in a job工作中没有遇到足够的挑战;the～of mathematics/the unknown数学/未知事物的挑战;

(3)有挑战性的事物(sth with this quality)[C]： Mt Qomolangmal/The universe/Exploring outer space is (presents) a real～to man (mankind).珠穆朗玛峰探险/宇宙探索/外层空间探索对人类来说真是一个挑战。The new job is a real～.这新工作很是具有挑战性。〖同〗test，trial;

(4)质询(疑)，异议(statement or action which questions or disputes(sth))[C][N(to)]：a～to sb's authority/the election of the new government对某人的权威性/新政府选举的异议;The judge refused to allow the～.法官拒不允许质询。

(5)盘问(spoken demand by a guard，sentry to stop and say who one is)[C]：“Who goes there?” was the～of a soldier on guard.“谁?”警戒的士兵盘问道。give the～盘问;be met by a～受到盘问;

vt(1)向……挑战，要求(formally ask sb to engage in a fight，contest，match，etc)[T+n，T+n+prep(to)，C+n+to-inf]：～sb to a duel/a race/a fight向某人提出决斗/赛跑/打架;～sb to a game of tennis/a game of chess/a round of golf向某人提出比赛网球/比赛下棋/比一局高尔夫球;～other boxers to beat one/a person to jump across a stream向其他拳击手挑战/激某人跳过溪去;～the newspaper to prove its story/the minister to produce evidence要求报社澄清事实/部长拿出证据来;〖同〗dare;

(2)考验，刺激(demand special or more effort;stimulate)[T+n，C+n+to-inf]：The new position～d his skill/his mind/him. 这新职位对他的技能/他的头脑/他是一个考验。The difficulty～s my mind to find an answer.这困难激励我动脑子找出答案。a problem that～s the imagination一道需要想象力的题;〖同〗test，try;

(3)质询(疑)，提出异议(question or dispute the truth，rightness or lawfulness)[T+n](fml)：～sb's statement/sb's authority/sb's view/sb's right to do sth对某人的陈述/权威/观点/做某事的权利提出质疑;～the justice of a law/the truth of a story对法律的公正性/故事的真实性提出质疑;～a claim/an assertion/a verdict对一要求/主张/判断提出异议;The idea has never been～d.这一想法从未受到过质疑。〖同〗question，dispute，doubt;〖反〗accept，believe;

(4)盘问(order (sb) to stop and say who he is)[T+n，C+n+to-inf]：The sentry (soldier)on guard～d the stranger/everybody who walked by.哨兵(卫兵)盘问那陌生人/每一个过路人。

→′challenger n 挑战者;′challenging adj挑战性的