n(1)白垩(soft white natural substance used for making lime and various writing materials)[U]：the～uplands/downs白垩高地/丘陵;～cliffs/deposits白垩崖/矿层;

(2)粉笔(末)((piece of)chalk-like substance used for writing and drawing on blackboards)[U，C]：a piece/stick of～一支粉笔;write/draw sth in～用粉笔写/画;a～drawing/mark粉笔画/记号;a box of(white/coloured)～s一盒(白/彩色)粉笔;I have～all over my clothes.我浑身都是粉笔末。

v用粉笔写(画，划)(write，draw or mark with chalk)[I，T+n]：～on the blackboard用粉笔在黑板上写字;

→′chalky adj似白垩(粉笔)的;′chalkboard n (=blackboard) 黑板;

chalk out (v adv)(用粉笔)画出轮廓(vt)：～out the playing area/the goal posts画出比赛场地/球门柱;

chalk up (v adv) 1)(用粉笔)在黑板上写(vt)：～up the answer/one's score on the blackboard用粉笔在黑板上写答案/得分;2)赢得(vt)：～up three wins (in a row)/another victory/one's most outstanding success(一连气)赢了三次/又获得一次胜利/获得最杰出的成功;

chalk sth up (to)把……记在某人账上：Could you～the drinks/this round up(to me)，barman? 伙计，这几/一杯酒记在(我的)账上好吗?～one's bad work up to lack of trying把活儿没干好的原因归咎于努力不够