n(1)围(城)墙(upright and solid dividing surface for defence and safety)[C]：a city/town/garden/high/low～城/城/花园/高/矮墙;The orchard was surrounded by stone/brick～s. 果园被石头/砖墙围着。climb over/go up/break down/build/repair the～翻过/爬上/摧毁/筑/修墙;Ivy grows against the～. 常青藤在墙上攀缘生长。A thick～enclosed the castle. 一堵厚墙围着城堡。The prisoners escaped over the～s of the prison. 囚犯翻过监狱的围墙逃跑了。crouch behind the～在墙后蹲着; Ivy is a～plant. 长青藤是一种攀墙植物。

(2)(房间的)墙壁(any of the upright enclos-ing structure of a room or a building)[C]：a glass/fire/smoke-covered/sound-insulated～玻璃/防火/受过烟熏的/隔音墙;hang a picture on the～在墙上挂张画;paper/whitewash a～用壁纸裱糊/粉刷墙;paint the～s blue 把墙刷成蓝色;bump/lean against a～撞到墙上/倚(靠)着墙;These secret documents cannot be taken outside these four～s. 这些秘密文件不能带出房间。a hole/nail in the～墙上有个洞/钉子; a～clock/light 壁钟/灯;

(3)类似墙壁的东西 (sth resembling a wall) [C](fig)： a steep～of rock 陡峭的石壁; the～of a container/the cliff 容器壁/峭壁;A～of fire was advancing forward. 一道火墙向前蔓延着。The flood came in a～of water. 高高的洪峰涌过来。a tariff～关税壁垒; Our inquiries were confronted by a～of silence. 我们的询问碰了壁，无人回答。The protesters formed a living～against the police. 抗议者形成一道人墙对抗警察。a～of hostility/misunderstanding 敌对/误解的隔阂; a～of indifference 冷漠的隔阂; the～of the defenders/security 防御者/安全的屏障; A door has been opened in an ancient～of mutual suspicion/prejudice. 相互之间的怀疑/偏见这一由来已久的障碍已被打破。have/take the～of sb (fig)占某人上风; run into a blank～碰壁; run/beat/knock one's head against a～试图做不可能的事，徒劳;

(4)外壁(outer layer of an organ of an animal or plant)[C]：the abdominal～腹壁; the～of an artery/a blood-vessel/a large intestine/a plant cell/a heart 动脉/血管/大肠/植物细胞/心脏壁; a stomach～胃壁;

drive/push/force sb to the wall 将某人逼入绝境： The strong team drove the weak one to the～. 强队将弱队打得一败涂地。

go to the wall 处于绝境;一败涂地： Many small firms went to the～in the depression/the past financial year. 许多小商行在萧条/上一个财政年中陷于绝境。

up the wall 恼火，发疯(infml)： drive/send sb up the～使某人恼火; I'll go up the～if they don't stop making such terrible noise. 如果他们再不停止吵闹，我就要发疯了。

walls have ears 隔墙有耳：Do not talk about him behind his back; even the～s have ears! 别在背后议论他，隔墙有耳。

→′wallflower n 墙头花;′wall-painting n 壁画;′wallpaper n 壁纸;v 贴壁纸;′wall-to-wall adj & adv 覆盖整个房间的地板;

vt 用墙围住(enclose sth with a wall or walls)[T+n，尤pass]：a～ed city/garden/town 有围墙的城市/花园/城镇;We are going to～the courtyard/the castle/the orchid. 我们要用墙围住庭院/城堡/果园。〖同〗enclose，surround;〖反〗 divide，open;

wall in (v adv) 用围墙围住(vt)： The lake is～ed in by peaks. 群山环绕着湖泊。The prisoners are～ed in and can't escape. 囚犯们被囚在大墙之内， 难以逃脱。

wall off (v adv) 用墙分开(vt)：～off half of the house 用墙将房子分隔为二;

wall up (v adv) 筑墙堵住(vt)： The fireplace/window/door/passage was～ed up. 壁炉/窗户/门/通道用墙堵死了。