adj (1)直立的(upright)：a～file/fin/clue (of a crossword)立式档案柜/(鱼的)竖鳍/(字谜游戏中)从上至下的线索;Telephone poles must be～. 电话线杆必须是直立的。At a certain point in his evolution， man adopted a～stance. 人类在其演化进程中的某一时刻选取了直立行走的姿势。

(2)垂直的(standing straight up at right angles to the earth's surface)：the～axis of a graph 坐标图的纵轴;a～angle/line/plane/section/circle 对顶角/垂直线/竖面/垂直剖面/地平经圈;The hillside/cliff looked almost～. 山坡/峭壁看上去几乎是垂直的。The walls of a room are～， the floor horizontal. 房间的四壁是垂直的，地面是水平的。The～take-off aircraft rose straight up into the air. 这架能垂直起飞的飞机腾空而起直冲云天。〖同〗upright;〖反〗horizontal;

(3)纵向联合的(involving from lowest to highest)：～mobility/union (社会不同层次间人员、文化的)纵向流动/产业工会;the～arrangement of society/business organization 社会不同层次人们的排列/从生产到销售垂直合并的企业单位;

→′vertically adv 垂直地;͵verti′cality n 垂直性;

n 垂线(vertical line)[C]：out of the～不垂直的;The wall slants 10°from the～. 墙壁偏离垂线倾斜10度。〖反〗horizontal