(1)懂，了(理)解，熟悉(know; grasp the idea of; comprehend)[I， T+n， T+-ing， T+wh]： Do you～(this new word/me)? 你懂(这个生词/我的话)吗?You see，I don't even～your attitude/your explanations/the rules/the conditions/the instructions. 你看，我甚至连你的态度/你的解释/这些规定/这些情况/这些指示都不懂。I think I can～the position you're all in. 我想我能理解你们所处的境地。～his absence/his failure to attend the meeting 理解他缺席/不出席会议的原因;He can perfectly～Spanish/sign language/modern literature/finance/the trade. 他精通西班牙语/手势语/现代文学/财政学/这个行业。I can't～neglecting children like that/his resigning his job/him leaving so suddenly/their being forbidden to go to the meeting. 我对那样忽视儿童/他辞去自己的工作/他这么突然离去/禁止他们参加会议不能理解。I don't～what you mean/why Martin should desire to spend his time in a laboratory. 我不明白你的话是什么意思/马丁为什么希望把时间全泡在实验室。We～how to use electricity， but we do not fully～what it is. 我们熟悉如何使用电，但并不充分了解电的本质是什么。〖同〗comprehend，make out，realize，see;

(2)明了，对……理(谅)解(know thoroughly;show a sympathetic or tolerant attitude)[I， T+n， T+that， T+wh， T+ing]：If he loves her，he'll～. 如果他爱她，就会谅解她。If you cannot do it，I will～. 如果你做不到我会理解。～dogs/children 了解狗/儿童;～machin-ery/modern music熟悉机械/现代音乐;(people) thoroughly～each other/one another even if they don't always agree(人们)尽管意见经常不一致， 而彼此之间却能完全谅解;quite～that sb needs a change相当清楚某人需要换一换环境;～how sb feels/how hard things have been for sb理解某人的感受/情况对某人是多么艰难;I～your not wanting to discuss the matter. 我理解你为什么不想讨论这件事情。〖同〗know，be aware，sympathize with，appreciate;〖反〗misunderstand;

(3)听说，推测，猜想(learn indirectly;conclude;infer)[T+that， C+n+to-inf， T+wh](fml)：Mother～s that her daughter is in Paris/you're coming to work for us. 母亲听说她的女儿在巴黎/你要来为我们干活儿。I understood he was married， but I find I was misinformed. 我听说他结婚了，但是现在发现我的消息并不准确。～sb to say/as saying that he will cooperate猜想某人说的是他将合作;They understood him to say that he would telephone/my letter to be a subtle warning. 他们推断他说的意思是他会打电话来/他们把我的信看作难以捉摸的告诚。We understood her suggestion as a complaint. 我们把她的建议看成是发牢骚。At first I didn't～how ill she was. 起初我没料到她病成这个样子。〖同〗learn，realize，gather;

(4)相信，以为当然(believe;accept as true) [T+that， 常pass]：We～that he is abroad. 我们认为他在国外。It is understood that the fee is 5 dollars/we'll meet at the corner at 4 o'clock . 当然手续费就是五美元/我们四点钟在拐角处见面。(one's expenses)will be paid， that's understood(某人的费用)自会有人代付;I～that you will repay this loan in 30 days. 我相信30天后你就能偿还这笔贷款。〖同〗suppose，assume，take for granted;

(5)把……解释(理解)为，判断 (interpret;assign a meaning to)[T+n+prep(by)， T+that， C+n+to-inf常pass]：What do you～(by the order to move on) — Where do they want us to go?你如何解释(继续前进的命令)，他们要我们去哪里?By“children”，it's understood that they mean people under 14 (“Children”is understood to mean those under 14). 所谓“儿童”指的是/是指14岁以下者。I～the message to mean they aren't coming. 我判断电文的意思是说他们不打算来了。You are to～the phrase literally. 你要照字面来判断这个短语的确切含义。〖同〗judge，think;〖反〗misunderstand;

(6)省略，不表示出来(supply mentally(sth implied though not expressed))[T+n，尤pass]：In the sentence“I took some chocolate and John a cake”， the verb“took”is understood after“John”.在“I took some chocolate and John a cake (我拿了一些巧克力，约翰拿了蛋糕)”一句中“John”后边的动词“took”被省略。The common saying “I'll see you later” is often shortened to “See you later” with the “I'll” understood. 通常说的“I'll see you later(以后再见)”往往省去“I'll”，简化为“See you later”。〖同〗omit;

(7)熟知，对……懂行(have a grasp or understanding of sth)[I+prep];He～s about computers. 他对计算机很懂行。

make oneself understood使旁人理解自己的意思：Now I can manage to make myself uderstood sufficiently in your language. 我现在可以运用你们的语言来充分地表达自己的意思了。

give sb to understand (that)使某人领会;通知某人(fml)：They gave us to～that they would help/their house was some little distance off. 他们向我们表明他们会来帮忙/他们的房子离这儿有点远。I was given to～that you were coming at 2 o'clock. 有人通知我说你两点钟来。

→͵under′standing n 理解; ͵under′standable adj 可以理(谅)解的，可懂的;͵under′standably adv 同情地;͵under′standableness n推测;͵under′standa′blity n 理解;′misunder′stand v 误解;

【辨异】understand与comprehend和know的区别见COMPREHEND。