v (1)(使)转动((cause sth to) move round a point or center)[I，I+prep，T+n，T+n+prep]：The wheels of the car/The hands of a clock seem to～fast. 车轮/钟表上的指针似乎转得很快。I pressed the button and the lathe began to～. 我按了一下电钮，车床就开始转动起来。～on the hinge/the axis 在铰链/轴上旋转;～the tap 拧水龙头;～the handle/the knob/the steering-wheel 转动把手/球形把手/舵轮;～the key in the lock 转动钥匙开锁;～about 转向，倒转;〖同〗rotate;
 (2)(使)改变方向(位置)((cause to) change direction or position)[I，I+prep，I+adv，T+n，T+n+prep，T+n+adv]：He～ed and waved/walked away. 他转过身挥手/走了。～to look at sb 转过身看着某人;About/Right/Left～!(军事口令)向后/右/左转!～towards sb/off the motorway/for home 转身朝向某人/拐弯驶离高速公路/往家走;She～ed around when she heard his voice. 她听到他的声音，便转过身来。His thoughts～ed to his dead parents.(fig)他开始思念去世的父母。～one's back to the wall 转过身背冲着墙;～one's thoughts to one's home 开始想家;～(one's face) away and weep 转过头去哭了;
 (3)(使)翻转((cause to) move so that the underside or inside becomes the upperside) [I，I+adv (over)，T+n，T+n+adv (over)]：～all night 整夜辗转反侧;～over to lie on one's front 翻身俯卧;～the page/the pancakes/the steak 把这一页翻过去/把煎饼翻个个儿/把牛排翻个个儿;～the record over 把唱片反过来;The doctor～ed the patient over and looked at his back. 大夫让病人转过身来看看他的后背。〖同〗rotate;
 (4)瞄准，指向(set or direct in a specified way;point)[T+n+prep]：～the water-cannon on the rioters 将水枪对准暴乱分子; ～the guns on the bank robbers 将枪对准抢银行的匪徒;～one's attention to one's work/the question of fund (fig) 将注意力集中于工作/资金的问题;～one's eyes (one's gaze) towards sb/on sb/to the ceiling/to the sky 眼睛朝某人望去/向某人望去/盯着天花板/盯着天空;
 (5)向……方向去(cause to go in a particular direction;send or drive to)[T+n+prep，T+n+adv，C+n+adj]：～the horse/the car into a narrow street 将马赶到/车子驶入一条狭窄的街道;～one's own son out of the house 把自己的儿子赶出家门;～the braggart out of the bar 把吹牛的人赶出酒吧;～a boat adrift 让船随波逐流;～the prisoners loose 放了囚犯;
 (6)折叠，翻转(change the position of sth by folding，bending，etc)[T+n+adv]：～up the collar of one's coat 竖起衣领;～the blankets down 叠起毯子;I hate people who～the pages of a book down to show where they have got to. 我讨厌人们把书页折起来作读到哪儿的记号。
 (7) 1)绕过(go or past around or to the other side of)[I+prep(round)，T+n]：～(round) a corner 拐弯;～a street corner 转过街角; 2)(路，河的)转向((of a road，river) change direction)[L+n，I+prep]：(river)～north (west) at that point/here(河)从那里/这里转而向北(西)流去;(path/road)～to the left/the right at that big tree(小路)在那棵大树那儿向左/右延伸;
 (8)转圈(perform or accomplish by rotating)[T+n，无pass]：～cartwheels/somersaults/handsprings 侧手翻/翻筋斗/前手翻;～a pirouette 用脚尖旋转;
 (9) 1)(使)变为((cause to) make or become) [L+adj，L+n，C+n+adj]：～sour/yellow/cold 变酸/黄/冷;～angry/quarrelsome 生起气来/变得爱争吵了;～botanist/politician/cook成了植物学家/政治家/厨师;～the leaves green/sb's hair gray 使树叶变绿了/某人的头发变白;〖同〗change，become，transform，make，convert;〖反〗remain，stay; 2)变坏(酸)((cause to) make or become sour or the like)[I，T+n]：Milk soon～s in summer. 夏天，牛奶很快变坏。The hot weather～ed the milk. 天气热使牛奶变坏了。〖同〗 sour，spoil; 3)达到或超过(一定的年龄、时间等)(become，reach，or surpass(a certain age，time，etc))[T+n][无prog]：His son just～ed four. 他的儿子刚到四周岁。He～ed fifty on his last birthday. 他已经过了50岁生日。It's～ed midnight/10 o'clock. 已过了午夜/10点钟了。
 (10)(使)变成((cause to) become or change to)[I+prep (from) (to/into)，I+adv (to/into)，T+n+prep (from) (to/into)，T+n+prep (to/into)]：～from caterpillars into (to) butterflies 从毛毛虫变成蝴蝶; ～from water into (to) ice 从冰变成水;～from a gentle man into (to) a nasty employer 从一个温文尔雅的人变成一个可恶的老板;～from bewilderment into/to horror 从迷惑变成了恐惧;Caterpillars～into/to butterflies.毛毛虫变成蝴蝶。Tadpoles～into/to frogs. 蝌蚪变成青蛙。～the story from the novel into/to a film 把这个故事从小说改编成电影;～one's old dress into a skirt/the mountain slopes into terraced fields 把旧衣服改成裙子/山坡变成良田;～failure into success/grief into strength 转败为胜/化悲痛为力量;〖同〗change，become，transform，make，convert;〖反〗remain，stay;
 (11)使反胃(恶心)((cause the stomach to) have a feeling of sick)[I，T+n]：(sth) make sb's stomach～(某物)使某人恶心;At the sight of raw meat my stomach～s. 一看见生肉，我就反胃。Greasy food～s my stomach. 油腻的食物使我反胃。The smell of that cigar was enough to～your stomach. 那股烟味令你恶心难忍。
 turn sb against sb 使……与……反目：She～ed him against his family by constantly criticizing him. 她不断地批评他，致使他开始反对自己的家庭。
 turn against (v prep)与……反目;与……为敌(vt)：～against one's brother/one's friend 与自己的兄弟/朋友反目;
 turn around/round (v adv) 1)(使)转过去(vt & vi)：The little girl～ed round and ran to her mother. 那个小女孩转过去，跑向她的母亲。When we came home，she had spent the day～ing all the furniture around. 我们到家的时候，她已经花了一整天把家具都移动了。2)(船或飞机)完成一航程并为下一航程做准备(vt & vi)：I'll send some more men to help you～the plane around. 我将多派一些人帮你们装卸飞机。These big ships need a whole day to～round. 这些大船需要一整天装卸。
 turn away (v adv) 1)拒绝帮助;不许进入(vt)：He never～ed away anyone who asked for his help. 任何人来找他帮忙，他都从不拒绝。The hotel porter～ed away anybody who wasn't wearing a tie. 宾馆门童不许不打领带的人进入。2)转身不看(vi)：He suddenly cried and～ed away in horror. 他突然大叫一声，惊恐地转过身去。
 turn down (v adv) 1)不理会，驳回(vt)：～down sb's offer/sb's request 拒绝某人的提议/请求; 2)调低(音量、热度)(vt)：～the record-player/the radio/the gas down 调低录音机的音量/调低收音机的音量/把煤气拧小火;
 turn in (v adv) 1)告发某人(vt)(infml)：They～ed the escaped prisoner in to the police. 他们向警察告发了逃犯。 2) 交 (退) 回 (vt)：～in the weapons 武器交回; 3)放弃 (vt)：～in a job/a piece of work 放弃这份工作;4)去睡觉(vi)(infml)：Eleven o'clock — Let's～in. 11点钟了，我们去睡觉吧。5)向内弯(vi)：Why do your toes～in? 为什么你的脚呈内八字?
 turn off (v adv) 1)离开公路(vi)：Let's～off and find a quieter road. 让我们离开这条路，找一条清静些的路。 2)使某人厌恶(vt)(infml)：Such poor teaching always～s students off. 这么差的教学令学生们厌恶。3)关上(vt)：～off the tap/the gas/the oven/the light 关上水龙头/煤气/烤箱/灯;～the television/the radio off 关上电视/收音机;
 turn on (v adv) 1)出其不意攻击某人(vt)：The dog went mad and～ed on his own master. 那条狗疯了，咬起自己的主人。Why did she～on me like that? Have I said something to offend her? 为什么她突然冲我来了，我说了触犯她的话了吗?2)打开(vt)：～on the tap/the gas/the oven/the light 打开水龙头/煤气/烤箱/灯;～the television/the radio on 打开电视/收音机; 3)依某事而定(vt)：The outcome of the election～on whether the voters believed the senator's speech or not. 选举的结果取决于投票者是否相信参议员的演讲。4)使感兴趣(vt)：Mozart's music always～s me on. 莫扎特的乐曲，我非常感兴趣。
 turn out (v adv) 1)制造;培养出(vt)：～out ten finished articles an hour 一小时出10件成品;The school～ed out a really able musician. 这所学校培养了一位真正有才能的音乐家。2)到场，集合(vi)：Everybody～ed out to watch the procession. 每个人都出来观看列队仪式。3)结果是，证明是(vi)：～out to be false/a success 结果是假的/很成功;～out easy/well 结果很容易/很好;It～s out that her new book is a great success. 结果她的新书非常成功。4)(将某物)弄空(vt)：～out one's desk/one's pockets/a cupboard 腾空自己的书桌/把衣袋里的东西全拿出来/腾空碗橱; 5)关，熄灭(vt)：～out the gas/the light 关煤气/熄灯; 6)赶走某人(vt)：If tenants didn't pay their rent，the landlord could～them out. 如果房客没付租金，房主就把他们赶走。7)扔掉(vt)：Isn't it time we～ed out all those old newspapers? 难道我们不该把那些旧报纸扔掉了吗?8)打扮，穿着(vt)：She always～s her children out well. 她总是把她的孩子们打扮得漂漂亮亮的。
 turn to (v prep) 1)求助于(vt)：With no one to～to in her desperate situation，she felt quite miserable. 绝望之时无人帮助，她感到特别痛苦。2)努力干(vi)：We'd better～to and clean up this place. 我们最好努力把这个地方彻底清扫一遍。
 turn up (v adv) 1)出现(席)(vi)：～up late 来晚了; 2)发现，挖出，暴露(vt)：～up a lot of new information/evidence 发现大量新资料/证据; 3)被发现，被找到(vi)：The missing wallet～ed up in an ash-can. 丢失的钱包在垃圾筒里找到了。4)(指贸易、金融等)上升，升值(vi)：The pound seems to be～ing up at last. 最终英镑升值。5)(指机会)到来(vi)：Mr. MiCawber was always waiting for something to～up. 麦考伯先生总是等待有什么机会出现。6)使某物朝上(vi & vt)：Collars in the latest fashion all～up. 如今最时髦的是竖领。T～your collar up;it will at least keep the rain off the back of your neck. 把领子竖起来，至少能遮挡雨水不从脖子后面流进。7)改短(衣服)(vt)：Can you～my skirt up for me? 你能帮我把这条裙子改短吗?8)开大音量(vt)：Please～the radio up，I'd like to hear the news. 请把收音机声音开大，我要听新闻。
 →′turn-about n 转向;倒转;′turn-around n 彻底的转变;′turn-off n 岔道;使人讨厌的人或事;′turn-on n 使人激动的事;′turn-out n 人数;清理(房间等);衣着方式;′turnover n 营业额;周转率;人事变动率;油酥饺;′turn-round n(指飞机、船)进港并重新装货;′turnstile n 旋转门;′turntable n 盘;转台;′turn-up n 裤脚卷边;′turning n 转弯处;
 n (1)转动，旋转(act of turning or the condition of being turned)[C]：give the knob/the handle/the dial a～转一下把手/把手/电话转盘;The dancer executed a perfect～. 那位舞蹈演员的旋转动作完成得非常完美。〖同〗rotation，spin，swing;
 (2)转变方向(change of direction or position)[C]：take a sudden～to the left/the right 突然向左/右转弯; His life took a new～.(fig) (fml) 他的生活开始了新的转折。
 (3)转弯处(point where one can change direction)[C]：take the second/the third～on/to the left (the right) 到第二个/三个路口向左(右拐弯);a～in the road/the river 路/河的转弯处;The road/river/lane is full of sharp/sudden～s. 马路/河流/小巷有许多急转弯的地方。〖同〗 curve，bend，zigzag，twist;
 (4)(轮到的)时机(chance or opportunity to do sth)[C，通sing]：It's his～. 该轮到他了。It's your～to pay the bill/deal the cards/choose a record. 轮到你付账单/发牌/选一张唱片。have a～riding the pony 轮到骑一回马;take a～at the machine/flying sb's private plane 轮着开机器/开某人的私人飞机;a～of duty 轮班;miss one's～错过时机;take～s 依次做，轮流做;in～依次;by～s 轮流地;～and～about 一个接一个地;轮流做;out of～不按顺序地;不合时宜地;〖同〗go，round，time，chance，opportunity;
 (5)发展变化，转变，趋势(development，movement or tendency in a particular direction)[C]：an unusual/unfortunate～of events 事态的异常/不利变化;take an unexpected～发生意想不到的变化;take a～for the better/the worse 好转/恶化;at the～of the century 在世纪之交;(sb) get an artistic～ (某人)有爱好艺术的倾向; get a mechanical～ 变得呆板;There was a sarcastic～to his voice. 他话里带有讽刺的口吻。have a serious/logical～of mind 具有严肃思考/逻辑思维的头脑;
 (6)吃惊，震惊(momentary，nervous shock)(infml)[U，a～]：give sb quite a～着实吓了某人一跳;He had quite a～when he first heard the news. 头一次听到这个消息，他很吃惊。〖同〗shock，start，surprise，scare;
 (7)溜达，散步(short walk or tour)[C]：take a～round the garden/in the park/along the beach 在花园周围/在公园里/沿着海滨散散步;〖同〗walk，stroll;
 (8)短小的节目(brief theatrical performance)[C]：a comedy/song-and-dance/vaudeville/variety～喜剧/歌舞/轻歌舞剧/综艺节目;
 (9)发病(sudden attack of illness)[C](infml)：She had a nasty～while she was out shopping. 她出去买东西时，突然犯病了。
 at every turn 处处，时常：She encountered difficulties at every～. 她时常遇到困难。
 【用法】by turns 意思为“交替地”，如：She went hot and cold by～s.(她一阵发热一阵发冷。)而in turn 则是“依次地，一个一个地”，如：speak in～(依次发言);
 【辨异】1)turn 与circle、revolve、roll、rotate、spin和whirl的区别见CIRCLE。2)turn 与become、come、get和go的区别见BECOME。