adj (1) 黑色(暗)的(of the very darkest colour， like coal; without light)：～shoes/suits/horses/paint 黑色的鞋子/衣服/马/漆;paint sth ～把……油黑;The house is～with smoke. 这房子被烟熏黑了。～tie黑色蝴蝶领结;as～as ink/pitch/coal 无比的黑(像墨水/沥青/煤一样黑);～coffee 不加牛奶或奶油的咖啡;take/have one's coffee～喝咖啡不加奶(油);～tea/bread红茶/黑面包;～box/hole (飞机的)黑匣子/(太空)黑洞;a～night/bear黑夜/熊;the B～Country 英格兰中部烟雾弥漫的工业区;The sky looks～and threatening.天空显得很黑，像要下雨。a deep，～pool 幽深的水池;give sb a～eye 把人打成乌眼青;〖同〗dark，coalblack;〖反〗white;bright，light;

(2) 黑人的((of the people) of a race that has a black skin) [无comp]：～people/slaves黑人/黑奴;～population/scientists/students/governments/culture黑人人口/科学家/学生/政府/文化;〖同〗 Negro，coloured，dark-skinned;〖反〗white;

(3) 肮脏的 (very dirty)：That shirt was～within an hour.那件衣服不用一小时就脏了。hands～with grime 沾满尘垢的脏手;～hands with lifting coal 搬煤弄脏的手;

(4) 很糟的，忧郁的 (very bad; very sad)：Things look/The future looks～for us. 似乎我们的事情/未来不容乐观。I don't think the future is as～as that.我认为未来没有那么糟。～news/despair/thoughts 很坏的消息/彻底的绝望/灰色思想;a～Sunday/week黑色星期日/星期;a～day糟糕的一天;～spot 交通事故多发地段;〖同〗gloomy;〖反〗optimistic，bright;

(5) 忿恨的 (very angry or resentful)[通常作attrib]：give sb a～look 忿恨地看某人一眼;a～look on sb's face 某人脸上忿懑的表情;a～mood 忿懑的心境; 〖同〗hostile，furious，angry，resentful; 〖反〗friendly;

(6) 很坏的，邪恶的 (evil or wicked; very harmful)：a～deed/lie/word/heart 劣迹/恶毒谎言/恶毒言语/黑心;～art/magic 妖术;～mark 名声上的污点;～sheep 败家子;害群之马; the B～Death 黑死病;〖同〗evil，wicked，bad;〖反〗good;

(7) 故作轻松的 (funny about sb or sth unpleasant or dangerous)：～ humour/joke/comedy 黑色幽默/心酸的玩笑/含泪的喜剧;

(8) 罢工时抵制装卸的 ((of goods， etc) forbidden to be handled by a trade union during a strike， etc)：declare the cargo～宣布货物不准装卸;This cargo is～， so we can't touch it. 这货物是不准装卸的，所以我们不能动。

(beat sb) black and blue (打得)青一块紫一块：They beat the poor boy～and blue. 他们把那个可怜的男孩打得身上青一块紫一块。

go black (失去知觉时)眼前一片黑：Suddenly everything went～. 突然眼前一黑。

→′blacken v (使)变黑(暗);诋毁;′black-ish adj 黑黑的;′blackness n 黑暗;阴险;′blackberry n 黑莓(果);′blackbird n 黔鸟;′blackboard n 黑板;′blacklist n 黑名单;′black-hearted adj 坏心眼的;

n (1) 黑色 (the darkest of all colours) [U]：B～is the most sombre colour.黑色是最忧郁的颜色。B～and white are opposites. 黑色和白色正相反。〖反〗white;

(2) 黑色衣服(衣料) (black clothing or material) [U]：be dressed in/wear～穿黑色(衣服);

(3) 黑色颜料 (black paint or colouring) [U]：She puts a lot of～round her eyes. 她在眼圈上涂了许多黑色眼影膏。I've used up all the ～.我把所有的黑颜料都用光了。

(4) 黑人 (person of a race that has a black skin; Negro)[C， 通常大写]：He was the first～to be elected to the congress. 他是首位选入国会的黑人。Unemployment among B～was high. 黑人失业率高。discrimination against B～s对黑人的歧视;〖同〗Negro;〖反〗white;

in black and white 落成文字，白纸黑字：I want the contract/agreement in～and white. 我想让合同/协议白纸黑字地落实下来。put sth down in～and white 白纸黑字地把……写下来;

in the black 银行账上有余款：(person/account) be (nicely) in the～(人/账户上)还有(不少)余款;

vt (1) 使变黑 (make black， as with a blow or with polish)[T+n]：～shoes/sb's eyes 把鞋子擦黑/把某人眼睛打青;

(2) 罢工时拒绝搬运(货物)，抵制 (refuse to handle (goods) or have dealings with) [T+n]：This type of cargo/lorry has been～ed by the strikers. 这种货物/卡车罢工工人们拒不装卸。The workers～ed the company.工人们抵制那家公司。～the goods at the docks 拒绝装卸那些船坞的货物;

black out (v adv) 1)暂时失去知觉或记忆 (vi)：The pilot～ed out as the plane dived steeply.飞机往下栽时飞行员一下子失去了知觉。2) 熄灭(灯火)，遮住(窗户)(vt)：The city was～ed out by the power failure.由于断电这城市的灯火熄灭了。～all the houses/windows out during an air raid 空袭时使所有房屋的灯火熄灭/把所有窗户堵黑;3) 涂掉，封锁 (vt)：～out the words one doesn't want 涂掉不要的字;～out all criticism of the government 封锁对政府的一切批评;

【用法】black指黑人(尤非洲出身者)时，无论名词还是形容词，在美国现在都很常用，黑人自己也喜欢用;但Negro和Negress则常被认为有冒犯的意思，一般应避免使用。