v (1)(使)出汗((cause to) give out drops of liquid through the pores of the skin)[I，T+n]：～profusely in the heat/heavily with fear 暑热时大汗淋漓/由于害怕冒大汗;The soldiers～ed in the hot sun/under a load of equipment/after working hard. 战士们在烈日下/背负沉重的设备时/拼命工作后汗流浃背。Vigorous exercise makes you～. 强体力锻炼使人出汗。～a horse 使马出汗;

(2)使渗出水分(cause to extract moisture)[T+n]：～tobacco leaves 焙烤烟叶使之发酵;

(3)渗出(蒙上)一层水珠(滴)(condense and accumulate (water) on a surface)[I]：The walls are～ing with damp. 墙壁由于潮湿渗出水滴。Sometimes a pitcher of ice-water (cheese)～s on a hot day/in hot weather. 有时冰水水罐(乳酪)在热天/炎热气候下结水珠。

(4)处于焦虑状态(be in condition of great anxiety)[I](fig，infml)：I wanted to know the secret very much but he let me～a little. 我非常想了解秘密，可他却让我着急了一阵子。

(5)(使)汗流浃背(拼命干)((force to) work very hard)[I，I+prep (over)，T+n]：～to get a job done 拼命要把一项工作完成;～(away) at one's work from morning till night 从早到晚拼命工作;～over one's last essay 努力写好最后一篇论文;The employer～s his workers. 雇主使工人们汗流浃背地干活。～ed labour 血汗劳工;

(6)用出汗方法治疗(attempt to cure by sweating)[T+n+adv (out)]：～out a cold/a fever 用出汗方法治疗感冒/发烧;

sweat blood (infml) 1)拼命干：Last night I～ed blood to finish the writing. 昨晚我玩命才把东西写完。2)非常担心(害怕)：He～ed blood for a while thinking he had broken the new computer. 他吓了一跳，心想这下可把新的计算机搞坏了。

sweat it out 忍受(焦急地等待)到最后：The soldiers had to～it out under heavy bombing for several hours. 战士们只得忍受几个小时的猛烈轰炸。

sweat off (v adv) 通过排汗减轻(体重)(vt)：He～ed five pounds/his fat off on the tennis court. 在网球场上他挥汗打球，减轻了五磅体重/减了肥。

sweat one's guts out 拼命干：Normally，I～ed my guts out on a milling machine with the rest. 通常我和其他人在铣床上拼命干活。

n(1)汗(水)(liquid that comes out through one's skin when one is hot)[U]：a vest damp with～汗水浸湿的汗衫;S～dripped from the horse's flanks. 汗水从马的肋腹上淌下来。I could see～forming on his forehead/his brow. 我能看见汗水凝聚在他的额头/眉毛上。He was dipping with～after running so far in the heat. 热天里跑了这么远的路，他汗水直淌。They built the new house with the～of their brow. 他们挥汗苦干，建造了这座新房。

(2)出汗(condition of being covered with sweat)[U，a～]：be/break out in a～浑身是汗/突然出汗;A good～will do you good/cure a cold. 出一身透汗会对你有好处/治感冒。The horrible sound brought me out in a cold～. 可怕的声音使我吓出一身冷汗。He was in a cold～from fear/over the exam. 由于害怕/在考试过程中他出了一身冷汗。Every two hours he had sudden～s.他每隔两小时就突然出一身汗。

(3)凝结的水珠(any condensation of moisture on a surface)[U]：Hot food placed inside a plastic bag will cause～to form on the inside surface of the bag. 塑料袋内装热食物，可以使袋子的内侧表面凝聚水珠。

(4)苦活，使人出汗的工作(hard，usu unpleasant，work)[U，a～](fig，infml)：We cannot stand the～of it. 我们忍受不了这工作的劳累。Learning a new language is an awful～. 学习一门新的语言不是一件容易的事。We had to clean the whole floor — what a～!我们得把整个地板清扫一遍，真是苦差!“Sorry to have let you do such kind of work.”“No～!”“很抱歉让你干这样的活儿。”“没关系!”

(5)焦急，紧张，不安(anxious condition;state of nervousness)[U，a～]：The runners were in a～to get started. 参赛运动员焦急地等待起跑。He was in a～in case his enemies should find him. 他心里很紧张，唯恐敌人会发现他。He was all of a～before the game. 比赛之前他十分紧张。

→′sweaty adj 汗湿透的;′sweater n 出汗者;运动衫;′sweat-band n 防汗带;′sweat-gland n 汗腺