vi (1)搏(争)斗，扭打(fight)[I，I+prep(with)，I+adv]：The two men were～ing. 那两个人在搏斗。～with a thief/an intruder和小偷/闯入者搏斗;～with a restive horse/a heavy parcel 竭力驾驭桀骜不驯的马/吃力地提着沉重的包裹;～for room on the subway在地铁车上挤个地方;～for a knife/the possession of sth 争夺一把刀/某物的拥有权;〖同〗battle，compete，fight;〖反〗yield;

(2)挣扎(move one's limbs or body violently to free oneself)[I，I+prep (against/with)，I+adv，I+to-inf]：The pony～d and kicked. 小马奋力挣扎，乱踢乱踹。(prisoner)～against one's captors(被捕人)要挣脱逮捕者;～in sb's arms 在某人的怀抱中挣扎;～to get away from one's attacker 挣扎着要逃脱袭击者的攻击;～to free oneself 奋力挣脱;

(3)奋斗，斗争，拼搏(make great efforts or try hard to deal with a difficulty or situation)[I，I+prep (against/with)(for)，I+to-inf]：～against poverty/overwhelming odds/a desire for sleep/those who oppose the plan和贫穷/悬殊的差距/睡意/那些反对计划的人们作斗争;～with illness/a difficult task与疾病/艰难的任务作斗争;～with one's conscience/one's economic problems与自己的良心搏斗/努力解决经济问题;～for independence 争取独立;～for supremacy/power 争夺霸权/权力;～for reform/a living 为改革/生计而奋斗;～to survive/meet the deadline/control one's temper 为生存拼搏/努力在规定期限内完成工作/竭力控制脾气;〖同〗strain，strive，push;

(4)艰难地行进，吃力地进行(make one's way with violent effort (in the specified direction))[I+prep，I+adv]：～against the wind/the tide 顶风/浪前进;～through the snow/the mud/the undergrowth 在大雪/泥泞/灌木丛中挣扎前行;～to the surface of the water/the shore 挣扎着浮出水面/冲向岸边;～into a tight dress 费劲地套上紧身衣;(chick)～out of the shell(鸡雏)破壳而出;(person/bird)～out of a net(人/鸟)从网中挣扎着逃脱;～out of a burning car 奋力爬出着火的汽车;～up from the sofa/the chair/the seat 挣扎着从沙发/椅子/座位上起身;

struggle along/on (v adv)挣扎，在极其困难中求生(vi)：They managed to～along somehow. 他们总算设法活下来了。

n (1)搏(争)斗，扭打;挣扎;斗争(hard fight)[C]：a short～短暂的搏斗;hand-to-hand～徒手搏斗;in the～to arrest a thief 在抓小偷的搏斗中;the～between two men/two teams 两个人/队之间的争斗;the class/power～阶级/权力斗争;～for existence/survival 生存/生死斗争;a(long/hard/heroic)～for independence/national freedom 为独立/民族自由进行的(长期/艰苦/英勇)斗争;lose many men in a～斗争中牺牲了很多人;a～with cancer 同癌症的斗争;surrender/yield/give up without a～不斗争就投降/屈服/放弃;〖同〗fight，battle;

(2)奋斗，努力(great effort)[C，通常sing]：a～to catch the end of the rope 挣扎着去抓住绳头;learn sth through a～通过奋斗学到东西;control one's feelings with a～竭力控制感情;gain control of sth after a long～经过长期的努力控制住……;〖同〗effort，push，strain