v (1)拉(张，绷)紧(stretch(sth)hard and tightly by pulling)[T+n，T+n+prep]：～a rope/wire/elastic 拉紧一根绳子/电线/松紧带;The boats are～ing at the posts/their moorings. 船只紧拴在柱子上/泊区。～the cover over the top 把套子紧绷在盖上;〖同〗stretch，pull，tighten，extend;〖反〗relax，loosen;

(2)尽(竭)力(exert all one's power，energy，etc ( to do sth))[I，I+to-inf，T+n，C+n+to-inf]：～and struggle 竭力奋争;heaving and～ing竭尽全力;The engine～ed and the train rumbled away. 引擎奋力启动，火车才咣当咣当地开走了。The oxen～ed with all their might. 牛使出了全力。～to reach the high notes/hear what sb was saying/get one's orders out in time 全力唱出高音/倾心听某人正在说什么/尽一切努力完成订单;strain every nerve 全力以赴;～one's ears for a sound 竖起耳朵听一个声音;～one's eyes to see/one's voice to shout 极目看去/扯着嗓子喊;～every muscle to lift the stone 奋力把石头举起;〖同〗struggle;〖反〗relax，yield;

(3)(因过力)损伤(害)(damage or weaken by stretching too much)[T+n]：～one's eyes/one's elbow损伤眼睛/肘部;～one's heart/one's voice 劳损心脏/喊哑嗓子;～a muscle in one's leg 抻伤腿部一条肌肉;～one's Achilles， tendon playing tennis 打网球时扭伤了跟腱;If you pull so hard you will～yourself. 如果你过分拉扯，就会伤着。〖同〗pull，injure，weaken，twist;

(4)曲解，歪曲，滥用(force or stretch (sth) too far beyond acceptable or truthful limits)[T+n](fml)(fig)：～one's authority/one's rights/one's power 滥用权威/权利/权力;～a point 歪曲要点;～the meaning of a word/the truth曲解词义/事实;His patience has been～ed to the limits. 他的耐心已经达到了极限。

(5)过滤，滤出(separate (sth) into its solid and its liquid parts usu by using a strainer)[T+n]：～the soup/the coffee/the tea 滤汤/咖啡/茶;～the juice of the blackberries to make jelly 滤出黑莓的汁制作果冻;～gravy through a sieve to get the lumps out 用滤网过滤肉汤以便把肉块滤出;～the vegetables/the potatoes滤出蔬菜/土豆;〖同〗screen，purify，drain，refine;

strain after (v prep)竭力追求(vt)：She is always～ing after praise and approval. 她总是在竭力追求赞扬和嘉许。

strain at (v prep) 用力拉(拽……)(vt)：Although several sailors were～ing at the rope，they could not control the sail in the high wind. 虽然有好几个水手在使劲拉帆索，但他们还是无法在大风中控制好船帆。

strain away/off (v adv) 滤掉(vt)：S～the fat away before you serve the soup. 把汤中的油脂滤掉之后再端上桌。

→strained adj 不自然的;心力交瘁的;′strainer n(滤，筛)网，滤器;

n (1)拉(张，绷)紧;(拉、张、应、作用)力(state of being stretched or pulled tightly;force or pressure causing this)[C，U]：The rope broke under the～. 绳子被拉断了。a～gauge 张力仪;the breaking～of a cable 缆绳的致断应力;the～s and stresses of a bridge 桥的张力和压力;feel a～on the line 感觉到绳子的拉力;measure the～on sth 测量某物的拉力;Nylon ropes take more～. 尼龙绳可承受更大的拉力。〖同〗stress，force，pressure，tension;

(2)(身心的)负担(压力)(great demand on one's mental or physical strength，abilities，etc)[C，U][N (on)]：a real～真正的压力;a～on sb's patience 对某人容忍的压力;be under severe/a lot of strain 在严重的/诸多的压力下;the stresses and～s of business life 经商生活的种种负担和压力;the current～in relations between the two countries 两国关系当前的紧张状态;stand the～承受压力;begin to feel the～开始感到压力;a～on sb's resources 某人的经济负担;put a great～on sb 对某人施加巨大压力;

(3)劳累，疲劳(state of anxiety，tension and fatigue caused by this)[U]：the～of hard work/combat/sleepless nights 艰苦劳动/格斗/多夜不眠引起的疲劳;suffer from mental/nervous～遭受精神/神经紧张引起的痛苦;The continual～aged her. 不断的劳累使她苍老。

(4)拉(扭，损)伤，劳损(injury，esp to a muscle caused by too much exertion)[C，U]：a painful～痛苦的扭伤;a back/groin/muscle～背/腹股沟/肌肉拉伤;heart～心脏劳损;a～of the lower leg 小腿的扭伤;suffer from muscular～遭受肌肉拉伤的痛苦;〖同〗sprain，pull，injury，twist