adj (1)难弯曲(折叠，移动，变形)的(difficult to bend， fold， move or change in shape)： a～fabric/collar/cover 质地坚硬的织品/硬领/硬封面;a sheet of～cardboard/paper 一张硬纸板/硬纸;a～doorknob/drawer/steering wheel 发紧的球形门拉手/抽屉/方向盘;New shoes are often～. 新鞋经常是穿着发紧的。The laundry made this shirt too～. 洗衣房把这衬衣浆得太硬了。〖同〗 rigid，tight，unbending;〖反〗bendable，loose，soft;

(2)僵直(硬)的(painfully tight)：(fingers/legs/joints) have gone～from lack of practice(手指/腿/关节)由于缺乏锻炼变得僵硬了;feel～after a long walk/climb 长途行走/攀登后累得迈不动腿了;walk with a～leg 迈着酸痛的腿走路;have a～neck 脖子僵硬;～aching muscles 酸痛的肌肉;〖同〗tight，inflexible;〖反〗loose;

(3)稠(黏)的(thick，and not fluid)：a～dough/paste/mixture 黏面团/很稠的糊/稠状混合物;beat the egg whites until they are～把蛋清搅拌成稠状;〖同〗thick，solid，heavy，firm，dense;〖反〗thin，soft，liquid;

(4)生硬(拘谨)的，不自然(客气)的(formal in manner，behaviour，etc;unfriendly)：a～manner/smile/greeting/note/writing style 生硬的态度/勉强的微笑/不自然的招呼/不客气的通知/死板的写作风格;give sb a～bow 向某人生硬地一鞠躬;〖同〗cold，unnatural;〖反〗easy，natural;

(5)困(艰)难的(difficult to do or deal with)：a～entrance requirement/English examination/climb/job 严格的入门规定/严格的英语考试/艰难的攀登/难干的活儿;be a bit～有点难;〖同〗hard，heavy，tough;〖反〗easy，soft;

(6)严厉的(harsh，severe)：a～demand/penalty 严厉的要求/惩罚;～resistance 顽强的抵抗;～competition/readings 严酷的竞争/难懂的读物;give sb a～sentence 重判某人;〖同〗high，heavy;〖反〗easy，simple;

(7)强劲(烈)的，浓的，烈性的(strong;forceful;too much;excessive)：a～drink/whisky/glass of rum 一杯烈酒/高度数威士忌/浓烈的朗姆酒;a～doze of medicine大剂量的药 〖同〗strong，forceful;〖反〗soft;

(8)(指价格)太高((of a price) high;unacceptably expensive)(infml)：～prices/membership fees 昂贵的价格/会员费;The asking price is too～. 要价太高。

→′stiffly adv 僵直(硬)地;生硬(拘谨)地;严厉地;′stiffness n 僵直(硬);生硬(拘谨);严厉;͵stiff-′necked adj 倔强的;傲慢的;

adv 十分;极其(extremely;very much)(infml)：He was bored/frozen/scared/worried～. 他无聊之极/完全冻僵了/非常害怕/极其焦虑。

n 尸体(dead body)(sl)