n (1)标(水，基)准(sth considered by an authority or by general consent as a rule for measuring weights，lengths，value，quality，purity，etc)[C]：a high～of precision/living 高精密度/高生活水准;the～of height/weight 身高/重量标准;by today's～s 根据现在的标准;meet the Federal～ 符合联邦标准;the monetary～(金银币的)法定成份;the official～for the purity of silver银的纯度的官方标准;〖同〗basis，pattern，guide，principle，specification;

(2)被认可的水平(准)，规范(acceptable or expected level of quality)[C，常pl]：have a high academic～具有很高的学术水平;high moral～s 道德规范;a low～of hygiene/behaviour 低的卫生/行为水准;confer to the～s of society 符合社会的规范;set high～s for one's pupils 高标准要求学生;

(3)一般要求(水准);某种水平(准)(average，normal or specified requirement，quality，level，etc)[C]：the～of one's work 自己工作的质量;His work this week does not reach his usual～. 这周他的工作没有达到他通常的水准。The food is below～.这食品未达标准。

(4) 1)旗，旗帜(标)(ceremonial flag or banner used as symbol of a nation，military unit，corporation，etc)[C]：the royal～王室的旗帜; 2)旗标，标杆(pole with carved figure，image，etc at the top carried (formally) by an army)[C]：the Roman～古罗马军队的旗标;raise the～of revolt 揭竿而起;Two men carried the～in the royal parade. 在盛大的游行队伍中，两个男人打着旗标。〖同〗flag，banner;

(5)支柱(杆，架)，台(upright support or supporting part)[C]：candles lit in the～s 烛台上点燃的蜡烛;The floor lamp has a long～. 这盏地灯有一根长支杆。need six～s to make it secure 需要六个支柱才能稳固;a lamp～灯架;a～lamp落地灯;〖同〗pillar，support，upright，column，post;

be up to/below standard 达到/未达到标准：work that is up to/below～达到/未达到标准的工作;

→′standardize，-ise n 使标准化;͵stan-dardi′zation，-′sation n 标准化;′standard-bearer n 旗手;领导人;

adj (1)(符合)标准的，规范的(serving as a model or as a basis for judgement or comparison)(尤作attrib)：～time 标准时间;the～length 标准长度;a～unit of volume/weight 容量/重量的标准单位;～pound/weights and measurers 标准磅/度量衡;

(2)普通的，通常的(usual，common or normal)：a (the)～size of envelops 普通信封; a (the )～rate of income tax 一般所得税率;～practice/procedure 通常做法/程序;a～model of a car 普通型汽车;〖同〗normal，usual，basic，universal，common，ordinary;〖反〗abnormal，exceptional，irregular，unusual;

(3)公认为优秀的，有权威性的(generally accepted as reliable or excellent)：a～author 权威作家;the～opera 作为保留剧目的歌剧;a～book on a subject 关于某个学科的权威之作;

(4)(指发音、拼法、语法)被认为是标准式的((of pronunciation，spelling，grammar，etc)widely used and considered acceptable by educated speakers)：～English/spelling/pronunciation 标准英语/拼写/发音