v (1)沾(染)污(leave a (permanent) dirty marks or coloured patches on sth)[尤pass： T+n，T+n+prep (with)，C+n+adj]：(coffee/sauce)～the carpet/the tablecloth(咖啡/调味汁)弄脏地毯/桌布;～one's fingers/one's teeth with ink 让墨水弄脏自己的手指/牙齿;fingers～ed with nicotine 被尼古丁熏黄的手指;blood-～ed hands 血污的手;～sb's fingers red 染红手指;〖同〗spot，discolour，soil，spoil，mark;〖反〗clean;

(2)被沾污(become marked in this way)[I]：Silk～ed easily. 丝绸容易弄脏。White clothes～quickly. 白色衣服脏得快。

(3)给……染(着)色(colour or dye with a substance)[T+n，T+n+prep，C+n+adj]：S～the table before you varnish it. 在给桌子涂清漆之前先上色。～the specimen/the floorboards 把标本/木地板块染色;～ed glass 彩色玻璃;～the fence/the chairs brown 把栅栏/椅子涂成棕色;〖同〗dye，colour;

(4)玷污(声誉)，败坏(名声)(mark sb's good name，reputation，etc with a moral fault)[尤pass： T+n，T+n+prep](fml，fig)：He～ed his military record by going AWOL. 由于擅离职守，他玷污了自己在军队中的历史。The king's name was～ed with acts of cruelty. 国王的名声被其残暴的行为所败坏。〖同〗disgrace，blacken，dishonour，spoil，ruin;〖反〗cleat，honour;

n (1)污点(迹)(dirty mark or patches of colour (left by ink，blood，etc) that is difficult or impossible to remove)[C]：an ink～on sb's shirt 某人衬衣上的一个墨水污点;be covered with paint-～s 洒上了油漆点;get the gravy～s out of the carpet 把地毯上的肉汁渍洗掉;find blood～s on the suspect's clothes 在嫌疑人的衣服上发现了血迹;The coffee I split made a～on the tablecloth. 我洒的咖啡给桌布弄了一块污渍。〖同〗spot，soil，mark;

(2)着(染)色剂(liquid，etc made for chang-ing the colour of wood， etc)[U，C]：a range of wood～s 各种各样的木材着色剂;need some/a dark～for the floor 需要一些/一种深色的染色剂染地板;

(3)(名誉上的)污点(thing that brings shame)[C]：the～upon his honour 他名誉上的污点;He was released without a～on his character. 他被释放了，名誉未受损害。His trial for embezzlement was a～on his family's good name. 他因贪污罪受审是对自己家庭良好声望的玷污。There is not the slightest～upon her reputation. 她的名誉洁白无暇。〖同〗spot，flaw，shame，disgrace，dishonour;〖反〗honour，credit;

→′stainless adj 无污点的;无暇的;纯洁的