vt (1)宽(饶)恕，赦免(keep from punishing，injuring;treat with mercy)[T+n，D+n+n]：～sb/sb's life/sb his life 饶某人一命;if I am～d 如果我有幸不死;The prisoner was～d. 那囚犯被赦免了。The enemy～d neither young nor old. 无论老幼，敌人都没有放过。～no one，not even oneself 一个人也没放过，包括自己在内;〖同〗forgive，release，free，pardon;〖反〗punish，condemn;

(2)节约，节俭，吝啬(afford or set aside for a particular purpose;use as little as possible)[T+n，D+n+n]：She never～s the butter when baking. 她烤糕点时从不吝惜黄油。not～oneself 对自己要求很严格;S～the rod and spoil the child.(prob) 孩子不打不成器(省了棍子宠坏了孩子)。not～any effort on sth 在某方面不遗余力;Nothing/No troubles/No pains was (were)～d to make them comfortable (for their comfort). 为使他们舒适尽了全力/不辞劳苦/不遗余力。～sb the details/one's opinion/the explanation 不给某人讲那些细节/讲自己的意见/作解释;〖同〗conserve，withhold，save，reserve;〖反〗use，spend;

(3)为……提供(金钱、时间等);抽(匀，分)出(be able to afford to give)[T+n，T+n+prep (for)，D+n+n，D+n+prep(for)]：We haven't enough to～. 我们没有富余的，匀不出来。Can you～$10/any sugar? 你能匀出10美元/一点糖吗?～time for a holiday 抽出时间去度假;Please～me a few minutes of your time/two litres of petrol. 请为我抽出几分钟时间/匀给我两升汽油。 Can you～an extra ticket/one of your sandwiches for me? 请匀一张票/一个三明治给我好吗? 〖同〗afford，grant，give;

(4)没有 …… 也行(manage without) [T+n，T+n+prep](infml)：Father couldn't～the car，so I had to walk. 父亲得用车，所以我只好步行。

spare sb's blushes 不以过奖的话让某人受窘：You shouldn't say all these nice things about me;～my blushes! 你不该讲我这么多好话——别让我难为情!

spare sb's feelings 避免伤害某人的感情：He simply wished to minimize the fuss and to～her feelings. 他只是想尽量不激动，以避免伤害她的感情。

to spare 富余，过剩：She arrived with no time to～. 她准时到达，没留一点富余时间。

→′sparing adj 节约的;′sparingly adv 节约地;

adj(1)富余的，备用的(not needed immediately but ready to be used when needed)[无comp]：carry a～wheel/tyre 带个备用车轮/轮胎;His home has a～bedroom/room. 他家有一个备用卧室/房间。Here's a～pair of trousers. You may have them. 这儿有一条富余的裤子，你可以穿上。～parts 备用零部件;〖同〗extra，supplementary，supplemental;

(2)空暇(闲)的((of time) not being used for anything;free)[无comp]：do sth in～time 在空暇时间做某事;He is so busy that he has no～time. 他很忙，没有空闲。get a～moment 有点空闲的时间;We stay in the country in our～time. 闲暇时我们待在乡下。

(3)(人)瘦的((of a person's body) thin;lean)(尤fml)：a tall～man 瘦高个的男人;a～figure/frame 清瘦的身材;〖同〗lean，thin，slender〖反〗fat，fleshy，heavy，large;

(4)少量的，微薄的(small in quantity) [作attrib)(fml)：on a～diet 在节食;have a～meal of bread and cheese 仅吃一点点面包和黄油;

go spare(BrE，sl)很恼火：Jennie will go～if she finds out what you've done! 如果珍妮发现了你做的事，她一定会恼火的。

→′spare-rib n 猪小排;

n(机器、汽车等)设备(尤指汽车的备用轮胎)(spare part(for a machine，car，etc)，esp an extra wheel for a car，kept for emergencies)[C]：His～is flat. 他的备用轮胎瘪了。They sell～s at that garage 那家汽车修理店出售备用胎。Take plenty of～s with you if you are going to travel a great distance in your car. 如果你要开车作长途旅行，需携带大量的备件。