n (1)肩(膀，胛)(part of the human body from the upper arm to the neck)[C]： square/broad～s 宽阔的肩膀;The bullet hit him in the～. 子弹射中了他的肩膀。look back over one's～回头看; shrug one's～s 耸肩; This coat is too narrow across the～s. 这件大衣肩部太窄。put one's～out 使肩膀脱臼; tap sb on the～拍某人的肩膀;give a child a ride on one's～s 让小孩骑在肩上; give/show/turn the cold～to sb (fig) 冷落某人;

(2)衣服的肩部(part of a garment that covers this)[C]： a jacket with padded～s 有垫肩的外衣;the～s of a coat 上衣的肩部;a coat split across the～s 外衣肩部开线了; dust on the～s of sb's expensive suit 某人昂贵西服肩部上的灰尘;

(3)动物前腿上部的肉(meet cut from the upper foreleg of an animal)[C，U]：the～of lamb/beef 小羊/牛的前腿肉;

(4)须承担责任的人(person who must bear responsibility or blame)[C]： shift the blame/the responsibility onto the others'～s 让别人受责备/把责任推给别人; need a～to cry on 企求同情(或安慰); The burden of decision is placed on the～s of the individual. 由每个人自己作决定。The burden of guilt has been lifted from/The duty has fallen upon my～s. 我已卸下了愧疚的重负/这一责任落在了我的肩上。The duty rests on our～s. 这一职责落在我们的肩上。

(5)肩状物(anything resembling a human shoulder)[C]： the～of a hill/a mountain/a bottle/a vase 山肩/山肩/瓶子肩部/花瓶的肩部; the hard～of the motorway/the road 高速公路/马路坚硬的路肩部;Don't drive on the～of the road.不要沿路肩开车。

put one's shoulder to the wheel 努力工作： When the work is urgent the workmen will put their～s to the wheel. 工作紧急时，工人们会努力地工作。

shoulder to shoulder 1)肩并肩： The buildings stood～to～in a long row. 楼房毗连成长长的一排。2)齐心协力： Whenever the difficulty comes they will～to～to overcome it. 无论何时出现困难，他们都将齐心协力地去克服它。

vt(1)扛，担，挑，掮(carry sth on one's shoulders)[T+n]： He～ed his pack and set off on his walk. 他背起背包上路了。～a tray/a round box/the load 扛起托盘/圆盒子/货物;～a knapsack/a rucksack 背起帆布背包;〖同〗carry;

(2)承担(bear or take sth upon oneself)[T+n](fig)：～the blame/the mistake for one's friends 为朋友们承担责任/过失;～the duties/the responsibility/a task/the expense 承担职责/责任/任务/费用;He～ed his son's debts. 他承担了儿子的债务。〖同〗undertake，bear;

(3)用肩推(挤)(push sb/sth with one's shoulders)[T+n+prep，T+n+adv]：～one's way to the front 用肩膀挤出路来走到前面;～sb aside/to one side 用肩膀把某人顶到一旁;The suspect～ed off a policeman and ran away. 嫌疑犯用肩膀推开警察逃跑了。～sb out of the way 用肩膀把某人挤到一边去;〖同〗elbow，push，thrust;

shoulder one's way in/through/past 用肩膀挤进去/挤着穿过/挤着经过：He～ed his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀挤着穿过人群。

→′shoulder-bag n 背包;′shoulder-blade n 肩胛骨;′shoulder-strap n 肩带