n ((贝、果)壳，荚，甲(hard outside covering of an egg，nut，snail，tortoise，fruit，seed，etc)[C，U ]：egg/coconut/oyster/crab～s 蛋/椰/牡蛎/蟹壳;The turtle had an unusual pattern on its～. 这只龟甲上的图案不寻常。〖同〗case;

(2)框(骨)架;外壳(outer structure or framework of anything，esp if the contents are missing)[C]：the～of the building/boat/aircraft engine 房屋的框架/船壳/飞机发动机的外壳;burn the factory to a～把工厂烧得只剩个空架子;He lost all interest in life and became a mere～of a man. 他对生活失去一切兴趣，成了一个空躯壳了。〖同〗framework，skeleton;

(3)炮弹(metal case filled with explosives and fired from a gun，etc.)[C]：a mortar～迫击炮弹;A～exploded right beside him. 一枚炮弹就在他身边爆炸了。 S～s burst over the enemy camp. 炮弹在敌人的阵地开花。〖同〗bullet，round，shot，bomb，missile，rocket;

come out of one's shell 不再羞怯(缄默)：She was very quiet and reserved when she first went to school，but she's coming out of her～a bit now. 她刚上学时不爱说话，十分拘谨，现在开始有点活跃了。

go/retire/withdraw into one's shell 越发羞怯，沉默：After Mary's mother scolded her，she went into her～. 玛丽受到母亲责备后变得沉默寡言。

→shel′lac n 虫胶(片);′shell-proof a 防弹的;′shell-shock n 炮弹休克;′shell-shocked adj 患炮弹休克症的;震惊的;′shellfish n水生有壳动物;

vt(1)剥(……的壳)(remove the shell of sth)[T+n](AmE shuck)：～peas/peanuts/walnuts/oysters 剥豌豆/花生/胡桃/牡蛎;

(2)炮轰，射击(fire explosive shells at)[T+n]：～the enemy/the fort/the enemy positions 炮击敌人/要塞/敌军阵地;〖同〗bombard，pound;

shell out (for sth)(v adv)付(交)款(vt & vi)(infml)：I had to～out five pounds for the food.我得付五英镑的饭费。