n (1)羞耻(愧)，惭愧(painful feeling caused by the guilt，wrongness，inability，or failure of oneself or a close friend，relative，etc)[U]：feel great～at having flunked the test/having told a lie 由于考试不及格/说谎而感到羞愧;feel no～for one's action 对自己的行动不感到羞耻;be full of～at one's rudeness 因自己的粗鲁而羞愧;(memory) fill sb with～(想到某事)使某人羞愧难当;hang one's head/lower one's face/hide one's face in～羞愧得低下了头;A feeling of～came over him. 他感到羞愧。A blush of～came to his cheeks. 他的面颊因羞愧而发红。blush/flush with～因羞愧而脸红;To my～，I must confess... 我很惭愧，我必须承认…… 〖同〗guilt，self-disgust;〖反〗shamelessness，pride，self-respect，glory;

(2)羞耻(愧)感，羞耻心(ability to feel shame)[U]：be completely without～恬不知耻;He had no～and never felt guilty. 他厚颜无耻，从来也没有过负罪感。Some people have no (sense of)～. 有些人没有耻辱感。 Where there is～，there may in time be virtue. 有廉耻感才可能有美德。

(3)耻辱(dishonour or disgrace)[U]：bring～on sb/oneself 给某人/自己丢脸;Shame on you! 真丢脸! The news that he had accepted bribes brought～on his whole family. 他受贿的消息使全家人蒙受耻辱。〖同〗disgrace，dishonour，humiliation;〖反〗honour，credit，glory，esteem;

(4) 1)可耻的人(事)(sb or sth that causes shame)[U，a～](derog)(infml)：It's a～to treat a child so cruelly/be so wasteful. 如此残酷地对待孩子/这么浪费太可耻。His behaviour at the party was a～to us all. 他在聚会上的举止令我们大家都感到羞耻。〖同〗disgrace; 2)遗憾，憾事(pity)[U，a～](derog)(infml)：What a～! 太遗憾了! It's a～that you didn't come. 你没来，太遗憾了。To miss the chance of a holiday was a great～. 错过了度假的机会，真是太遗憾了。

put sb/sth to shame 1)使蒙羞：The child behaved so rudely that he put his father to～. 那孩子的举止如此粗鲁，使他父亲蒙受耻辱。2)使黯然失色：The cleanliness of European cities puts our cities to～. 欧洲的城市非常清洁，这使我们的城市相形见绌。

→′shamefaced adj 惭愧的，羞耻的;′shamefacedly adv 惭愧地，羞耻地;′shameful adj 可耻的，丢脸的;′shamefully adv可耻地，丢脸地;′shamefulness n可耻，丢脸;′shameless adj 无耻的，丢脸的，伤风败俗的;′shamelessly adv 无耻地，不要脸地，伤风败俗地;′shamelessness n 无耻，丢脸，伤风败俗;

vt(1)使感到羞愧(cause sb to feel shame)[T+n]：He was～d by his failure to pass the final test. 他因期终考试不及格而感到羞愧。It～ed him to know that his father was a thief.他知道了父亲是个小偷感到很丢脸。

(2)使蒙受耻辱，使丢脸(bring dishonour to)[T+n]：He has～d his parents by being sent to prison. 他被关进监狱，使他父母丢了脸。It's quite～ing that... ……，太丢脸了。〖同〗embarrass，humiliate，disgrace，humble;

shame sb into/out of doing sth 使痛感惭愧而(不)做：How can we～the boy out of beating his little sister? 我们怎样才能让那男孩感到羞耻而不再打他的妹妹呢?～sb into apologizing 使某人出于惭愧而道歉;

【辨异】shame和embarrassment 都表示由于自尊心受到伤害时的痛苦感觉，但程度不同。shame 是由于认识到自己做了可耻或卑鄙的事产生的痛苦感觉，如：He felt shame at being caught in a lie.(他由于说谎被戳穿而感到羞愧。)embarrassment(困窘，尴尬)通常指比shame 程度较轻的痛苦感觉(困窘或尴尬等)，如：embarrassment over breaking a teacup at a party(在聚会时因打破茶杯而感到尴尬)。